Yahlukilei-laser ekhawulezayo kakhuluinxalenye yesibini
Ukusasazeka kunye nokusasazeka kwentliziyo: Ukusasazeka kweqela kuyalibazisa
Enye yezona ngxaki zinzima zobugcisa ezidibana nazo xa kusetyenziswa ii-laser ezikhawulezayo kukugcina ixesha lee-pulses ezimfutshane kakhulu ezikhutshwa ekuqaleni yi-ilezaIi-Ultrafast pulses zisengozini enkulu yokuphazamiseka kwexesha, nto leyo eyenza ii-pulses zibe zinde. Esi siphumo siba sibi ngakumbi njengoko ixesha le-pulse yokuqala lifutshane. Nangona ii-laser ze-ultrafast zinokukhupha ii-pulses ixesha elide lemizuzwana engama-50, zinokwandiswa ngexesha ngokusebenzisa izibuko kunye neelensi ukuhambisa i-pulse kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo, okanye nokuba zidlulisele i-pulse emoyeni.
Olu tshintsho lwexesha lulinganiswa kusetyenziswa indlela yokulinganisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-group delayed dispersion (GDD), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-second-order dispersion. Enyanisweni, kukwakho namagama okusasazwa kwe-high-order anokuchaphazela ukusasazwa kwexesha kwee-ultrafart-laser pulses, kodwa ekusebenzeni, kudla ngokwanela ukujonga nje isiphumo se-GDD. I-GDD lixabiso elixhomekeke kwi-frequency elihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobukhulu bezinto ezithile. Ii-transmission optics ezifana nelensi, ifestile, kunye nezinto ezijolise kuzo zihlala zinexabiso elihle le-GDD, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba xa ii-compressed pulses zinokunika ii-transmission optics ixesha elide le-pulse kunezo zikhutshwa yi-iinkqubo zelaser. Izinto ezineefrekshini eziphantsi (oko kukuthi, ubude be-wavelengths) zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kunezixhobo ezineefrekthi eziphezulu (oko kukuthi, ubude be-wavelengths obufutshane). Njengoko i-pulse idlula kwizinto ezininzi, ubude be-wavelength kwi-pulse buya kuqhubeka nokwanda ngakumbi nangakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kwixesha elifutshane le-pulse, kwaye ngenxa yoko ububanzi be-bandwidths, esi siphumo sibaxwa ngakumbi kwaye sinokubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwexesha le-pulse.
Usetyenziso lwe-laser olukhawulezayo
i-spectroscopy
Ukususela ekuveleni kwemithombo ye-laser ekhawulezayo kakhulu, i-spectroscopy ibe yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngokunciphisa ubude be-pulse ukuya kwi-femtoseconds okanye kwi-attoseconds, iinkqubo eziguqukayo kwi-physics, i-chemistry kunye ne-biology ezazingenakwenzeka ngaphambili ukuba zibonwe ngoku zinokufezekiswa. Enye yeenkqubo eziphambili kukuhamba kwe-atom, kwaye ukujongwa kwentshukumo ye-atom kuphucule ukuqonda kwesayensi kweenkqubo ezisisiseko ezifana nokungcangcazela kwe-molecular, ukwahlukana kwe-molecular kunye nokudluliselwa kwamandla kwiiproteni ze-photosynthetic.
imifanekiso yebhayoloji
Iileser ezikhawulezayo ze-peak-power zixhasa iinkqubo ezingezizo ezomgca kwaye ziphucula isisombululo semifanekiso yebhayoloji, njenge-multi-photon microscopy. Kwinkqubo ye-multi-photon, ukuze kuveliswe isignali engezizo ezomgca ukusuka kwindawo yebhayoloji okanye ekujoliswe kuyo kwe-fluorescent, ii-photon ezimbini kufuneka zilingane kwindawo nakwixesha. Le ndlela yokulinganisa engezizo ezomgca iphucula isisombululo semifanekiso ngokunciphisa kakhulu imiqondiso ye-background fluorescence echaphazela izifundo zeenkqubo ze-single-photon. Imvelaphi yesignali elula ibonisiwe. Ummandla omncinci wokuvuselela we-multiphoton microscope ukwathintela ubuthi be-photo kwaye kunciphisa umonakalo kwisampuli.
Umfanekiso 1: Umzekelo wedayagram yendlela yemitha kwi-experiment ye-microscope ene-photon ezininzi
Ukucubungula izinto ze-laser
Imithombo ye-laser ekhawulezayo ikwatshintshe indlela esebenza ngayo i-laser micromachining kunye nokucubungula izinto ngenxa yendlela eyahlukileyo esebenzisana ngayo ii-pulses ezimfutshane kakhulu nezinto. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, xa kuxoxwa nge-LDT, ubude be-pulse ekhawulezayo bukhawuleza kunexesha lokusasazwa kobushushu kwi-lattice yezinto. Ii-laser ezikhawulezayo zivelisa indawo encinci kakhulu echaphazeleka bubushushu kuneii-laser ze-nanosecond pulsed, nto leyo ebangela ukulahleka okuncinci kokusikwa kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo ngakumbi. Lo mgaqo uyasebenza nakwiinkqubo zonyango, apho ukuchaneka okwandisiweyo kokusika nge-ultrafart-laser kunceda ukunciphisa umonakalo kwizicwili ezingqongileyo kwaye kuphucula amava esigulana ngexesha lotyando lwe-laser.
Iipulses ze-Attosecond: ikamva le-laser ezikhawulezayo
Njengoko uphando luqhubeka nokuphucula ii-laser ezikhawulezayo, kuphuhliswa imithombo emitsha nephuculiweyo yokukhanya enexesha elifutshane le-pulse. Ukuze bafumane ulwazi olukhawulezayo ngeenkqubo zomzimba, abaphandi abaninzi bagxile ekudalweni kwee-attosecond pulses - malunga ne-10-18 s kuluhlu lwe-ultraviolet extreme (XUV) wavelength. Ii-attosecond pulses zivumela ukulandelelwa kwentshukumo ye-electron kwaye ziphucule ukuqonda kwethu ulwakhiwo lwe-elektroniki kunye ne-quantum mechanics. Ngelixa ukuhlanganiswa kwee-XUV attosecond lasers kwiinkqubo zoshishino kungekabikho nkqubela phambili ibalulekileyo, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso kweli candelo ngokuqinisekileyo luya kuyisusa le teknoloji kwilebhu iye kwimveliso, njengoko kuye kwenzeka kwi-femtosecond kunye ne-picosecond.imithombo yeleza.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-25-2024