Itekhnoloji yomthombo we-laser yeifayibha ye-opticalukuqonda Inxalenye Yokuqala
Iteknoloji yokuva ifayibha ye-optical luhlobo lobuchwepheshe bokuva oluphuhliswe kunye neteknoloji yefayibha ye-optical kunye netekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwefayibha ye-optical, kwaye iye yaba lelinye lamasebe asebenzayo kakhulu kwitekhnoloji ye-photoelectric. Inkqubo yokuva ifayibha ye-optical yenziwe kakhulu yi-laser, ifayibha yokudlulisa, i-sensing element okanye indawo ye-modulation, ukufunyanwa kokukhanya kunye nezinye iindawo. Iiparameter ezichaza iimpawu zamaza okukhanya ziquka amandla, ubude be-wavelength, isigaba, imeko ye-polarization, njl. Ezi parameters zinokutshintshwa ziimpembelelo zangaphandle ekudlulisweni kwefayibha ye-optical. Umzekelo, xa ubushushu, uxinzelelo, uxinzelelo, umbane, ukufuduka, ukungcangcazela, ukujikeleza, ukugoba kunye nobungakanani beekhemikhali zichaphazela indlela yokubona, ezi parameters ziyatshintsha ngokufanayo. Ukuva ifayibha ye-optical kusekelwe kubudlelwane phakathi kwezi parameters kunye nezinto zangaphandle ukuze kubonwe ubungakanani obuhambelanayo bomzimba.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeumthombo welezaezisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuva i-optical fiber sensing, ezinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezihambelanayoimithombo yelezakunye nemithombo yokukhanya engahambelaniyo, engahambelaniyoimithombo yokukhanyaikakhulu ziquka ukukhanya kwe-incandescent kunye nee-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya, kwaye imithombo yokukhanya ehambelanayo ibandakanya ii-laser eziqinileyo, ii-laser ezingamanzi, ii-laser zegesi,i-laser ye-semiconductorkwayei-laser yefayibhaOku kulandelayo ikakhulu kulungiselelweumthombo wokukhanya nge-laserisetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lokubona ifayibha kwiminyaka yakutshanje: i-laser ye-single-frequency enobubanzi obuncinci, i-single-wavelength sweep frequency laser kunye ne-white laser.
1.1 Iimfuneko zobubanzi bomgca obumxinwaimithombo yokukhanya nge-laser
Inkqubo yokuva ifayibha ye-optical ayinakwahlulwa kumthombo we-laser, njengoko amandla okukhanya othwala isignali elinganisiweyo, umthombo wokukhanya we-laser ngokwawo esebenza, njengozinzo lwamandla, ububanzi bomgca we-laser, ingxolo yesigaba kunye nezinye iiparameter kwinkqubo yokuva ifayibha ye-optical umgama wokufumanisa, ukuchaneka kokufumanisa, uvakalelo kunye neempawu zengxolo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zokuva ifayibha ye-optical ezinesisombululo esiphezulu kakhulu, izazinzulu kunye namashishini ziye zabeka phambili iimfuno ezingqongqo zokusebenza kobubanzi bomgca we-laser miniaturization, ikakhulu kwi: iteknoloji ye-optical frequency domain reflection (OFDR) isebenzisa iteknoloji yokuvanya edibeneyo ukuhlalutya imiqondiso esasazekileyo ye-backrayleigh yeefayibha ze-optical kwi-frequency domain, ngokugubungela okubanzi (amawaka eemitha). Iingenelo zesisombululo esiphezulu (isisombululo se-millimeter-level) kunye novakalelo oluphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi--100 dBm) ziye zaba yenye yetekhnoloji enamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwitekhnoloji yokulinganisa ifayibha ye-optical esasazekileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuva. Isiseko setekhnoloji ye-OFDR kukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya onokuguqulwa ukuze kufezekiswe ukulungiswa kwe-optical frequency, ngoko ke ukusebenza komthombo we-laser kumisela izinto eziphambili ezifana noluhlu lokufumanisa lwe-OFDR, uvakalelo kunye nesisombululo. Xa umgama wenqaku lokubonakalisa usondele kubude bokuhambelana, ubunzulu besignali yokubetha buya kuncipha ngokukhawuleza yi-coefficient τ/τc. Kumthombo wokukhanya weGaussian onemilo ye-spectral, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-frequency yokubetha inokubonakala okungaphezulu kwe-90%, ubudlelwane phakathi kobubanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya kunye nobude obukhulu bokuziva obunokufikelelwa yinkqubo yi-Lmax~0.04vg/f, oko kuthetha ukuba kwifayibha enobude be-80 km, ububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya bungaphantsi kwe-100 Hz. Ukongeza, uphuhliso lwezinye izicelo lukwabeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zobubanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-hydrophone ye-optical fiber, ububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya bumisela ingxolo yenkqubo kwaye bumisela nesibonakaliso esincinci esilinganiswayo senkqubo. Kwi-Brillouin optical time domain reflector (BOTDR), isisombululo sokulinganisa ubushushu kunye noxinzelelo simiselwa ikakhulu bububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya. Kwi-resonator fiber optic gyro, ubude bokuhambelana kwegagasi lokukhanya bunokwandiswa ngokunciphisa ububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ubunzulu kunye nobunzulu be-resonance ye-resonator, kuncitshiswe ububanzi bomgca we-resonator, kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kwe-fiber optic gyro.
1.2 Iimfuneko zemithombo ye-sweep laser
I-laser yokutshiza ubude obunye inamandla okuguqula ubude obude, ingathatha indawo yee-laser ezininzi ze-wavelength ezisisigxina, inciphise iindleko zokwakha inkqubo, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokubona i-fiber ye-optical. Umzekelo, kwi-trace gas fiber sensing, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeegesi zineencopho ezahlukeneyo zokufunxa igesi. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa ukukhanya xa igesi yokulinganisa yanele kwaye kufezekiswe uvakalelo oluphezulu lokulinganisa, kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa ubude bokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya odluliswayo kunye nencopho yokufunxa yemolekyuli yegesi. Uhlobo lwegesi olunokubonwa lumiselwa ngokusisiseko bubude bokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya oqondayo. Ke ngoko, ii-laser ezinqamlezileyo ezine-broadband tuning performance ezizinzileyo zinokuguquguquka okuphezulu kokulinganisa kwiinkqubo zokubona. Umzekelo, kwezinye iinkqubo zokubona i-fiber ye-optical ezisasazwe ngokusekelwe kwi-optical frequency domain reflection, i-laser kufuneka itshayelwe ngokukhawuleza ngamaxesha athile ukuze kufezekiswe ukufunyanwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokususwa kwemiqondiso ye-optical, ngoko ke izinga lokuguqulwa komthombo we-laser lineemfuno eziphezulu, kwaye isantya sokutshiza se-laser ehlengahlengiswayo sidla ngokufuneka ukuba sifikelele kwi-10 pm/μs. Ukongeza, i-laser yobubanzi obuncinci obunokuguqulelwa ubude bayo bungasetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-liDAR, ukuva nge-laser kude kunye nohlalutyo lwe-spectral olunesisombululo esiphezulu kunye nezinye iindawo zokuva. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ze-parameters zokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-bandwidth yokulungisa, ukuchaneka kokulungisa kunye nesantya sokulungisa ii-laser ze-single-wavelength kwicandelo lokuva ngefayibha, injongo iyonke yokufunda ii-laser ze-fiber ezinobubanzi obuncinci ezinokuguqulelwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukufezekisa ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo okuphezulu kuluhlu olukhulu lwe-wavelength ngokusekelwe ekulandeleni i-laser linewidth e-ultra-narrow, ingxolo yesigaba esiphantsi kakhulu, kunye ne-ultra-stable output frequency kunye namandla.
1.3 Imfuno yomthombo wokukhanya we-laser emhlophe
Kwicandelo lokuqonda okubonakalayo, i-laser yokukhanya okumhlophe esemgangathweni ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Okukhona igubungela ngokubanzi i-spectrum ye-laser yokukhanya okumhlophe, kokukhona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuqonda i-fiber ye-optical. Umzekelo, xa kusetyenziswa i-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ukwakha inethiwekhi yesensa, uhlalutyo lwe-spectral okanye indlela yokufanisa isihluzo esinokulungiswa ingasetyenziselwa ukurhoxiswa. Eyokuqala isebenzise i-spectrometer ukuvavanya ngokuthe ngqo ubude be-FBG nganye ejikelezayo kwinethiwekhi. Eyokugqibela isebenzisa isihluzo sokubhekisa ukulandelela nokulinganisa i-FBG kwisensa, zombini ezifuna umthombo wokukhanya we-broadband njengomthombo wokukhanya wokuvavanya i-FBG. Ngenxa yokuba inethiwekhi nganye yokufikelela ye-FBG iya kuba nokulahleka okuthile kokufakwa, kwaye ine-bandwidth engaphezulu kwe-0.1 nm, ukurhoxiswa ngaxeshanye kwe-FBG ezininzi kufuna umthombo wokukhanya we-broadband onamandla aphezulu kunye ne-bandwidth ephezulu. Umzekelo, xa kusetyenziswa i-long period fiber grating (LPFG) yokuva, ekubeni i-bandwidth ye-single loss peak ikwi-10 nm, kufuneka umthombo wokukhanya we-wide spectrum one-bandwidth eyaneleyo kunye ne-spectrum ethe tyaba ukuze kuchazwe ngokuchanekileyo iimpawu zayo ze-resonant peak. Ngokukodwa, i-acoustic fiber grating (AIFG) eyakhiwe ngokusebenzisa i-acousto-optical effect inokufezekisa uluhlu lwe-tuning lwe-resonant wavelength ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 nm ngokusebenzisa i-electrical tuning. Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwe-dynamic grating olunoluhlu lwe-ultra-wide tuning lubangela umngeni omkhulu kuluhlu lwe-bandwidth yomthombo wokukhanya we-wide-spectrum. Ngokufanayo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-tilted Bragg fiber grating nayo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo le-fiber sensing. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ze-multi-peak loss spectrum, uluhlu lokusasazwa kwe-wavelength lunokufikelela kwi-40 nm. Indlela yayo yokuva idla ngokuthelekisa intshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kwee-transmission peaks ezininzi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa i-transmission spectrum yayo ngokupheleleyo. I-bandwidth kunye namandla omthombo wokukhanya we-wide spectrum kufuneka abe phezulu.
2. Imeko yophando ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
2.1 Umthombo wokukhanya kwelaser obanzi ngomgca omxinwa
2.1.1 I-laser yempendulo esasazwayo ye-semiconductor enobubanzi obuncinci
Ngo-2006, uCliche nabanye banciphisa isikali se-MHz se-semiconductorI-laser ye-DFB(i-laser yempendulo esasazwayo) ukuya kwisikali se-kHz kusetyenziswa indlela yempendulo yombane; Ngowama-2011, uKessler nabanye basebenzise ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kwe-single crystal cavity kunye nolawulo lwempendulo esebenzayo ukufumana imveliso ye-laser yobubanzi bomgca obuncinci obuyi-40 MHz; Ngowama-2013, uPeng nabanye bafumana imveliso ye-laser ye-semiconductor enobubanzi bomgca obuyi-15 kHz ngokusebenzisa indlela yokulungiswa kwempendulo yangaphandle ye-Fabry-Perot (FP). Indlela yempendulo yombane isebenzise kakhulu impendulo yokuzinzisa i-frequency ye-Pond-Drever-Hall ukwenza ububanzi bomgca we-laser womthombo wokukhanya buncitshiswe. Ngowama-2010, uBernhardi nabanye bavelise i-1 cm ye-erbium-doped alumina FBG kwi-substrate ye-silicon oxide ukuze bafumane imveliso ye-laser enobubanzi bomgca obuyi-1.7 kHz. Kunyaka ofanayo, uLiang nabanye. isebenzise impendulo yokuzijova ngokwayo yokusasaza kweRayleigh engasemva eyenziwe yi-high-Q echo wall resonator yoxinzelelo lomgca-ububanzi belaser ye-semiconductor, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1, kwaye ekugqibeleni yafumana imveliso yelaser emxinwa ye-160 Hz.
Umzobo 1 (a) Umzobo woxinzelelo lobubanzi belaser ye-semiconductor olusekwe kwi-self-injection Rayleigh scattering ye-external whispering gallery mode resonator;
(b) I-frequency spectrum ye-free running semiconductor laser enobubanzi bomgca obuyi-8 MHz;
(c) I-frequency spectrum yelaser enobubanzi bomgca obucinezelwe kwi-160 Hz
2.1.2 I-laser yefayibha enobubanzi obumxinwa
Kwi-linear cavity fiber lasers, i-narrow linewidth laser output ye-single longitudinal mode ifunyanwa ngokunciphisa ubude be-resonator kunye nokwandisa i-longitudinal mode interval. Ngo-2004, uSpiegelberg et al. bafumana i-single longitudinal mode narrow linewidth laser output enobubanzi be-2 kHz ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-DBR short cavity. Ngo-2007, uShen et al. basebenzise i-silicon fiber ene-erbium-doped silicon fiber eyi-2 cm kakhulu ukubhala i-FBG kwi-Bi-Ge co-doped photosensitive fiber, baza bayidibanisa ne-active fiber ukwenza i-compact linear cavity, okwenza ububanzi bayo be-laser output linear bube ngaphantsi kwe-1 kHz. Ngo-2010, uYang et al. basebenzise i-2cm highly doped short linear cavity edityaniswe ne-narrowband FBG filter ukuze bafumane i-single longitudinal mode laser output enobubanzi be-line obungaphantsi kwe-2 kHz. Ngowama-2014, iqela lisebenzise i-short linear cavity (i-virtual folded ring resonator) edityaniswe ne-FBG-FP filter ukuze kufunyanwe i-laser output enobubanzi bomgca obuncinci, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3. Ngowama-2012, uCai nabanye basebenzise isakhiwo se-short cavity esiyi-1.4cm ukuze kufunyanwe i-polarizing laser output enamandla okukhupha angaphezu kwe-114 mW, ubude bomda obuphakathi obuyi-1540.3 nm, kunye nobubanzi bomgca obuyi-4.1 kHz. Ngowama-2013, uMeng nabanye basebenzise i-Brillouin scattering ye-erbium-doped fiber ene-short ring cavity yesixhobo sokugcina i-full-bias ukuze kufunyanwe i-single-longitudinal mode, i-low-phase noise laser output enamandla okukhupha ayi-10 mW. Ngowama-2015, iqela lisebenzise i-ring cavity eyenziwe yi-45 cm erbium-doped fiber njenge-Brillouin scattering gain medium ukuze kufunyanwe i-low threshold kunye ne-mxinwa linewidth laser output.
Umzobo 2 (a) Umzobo ocwangcisiweyo we-laser yefayibha ye-SLC;
(b) Ubume bomgca wesignali ye-heterodyne elinganiswe ngokulibaziseka kwefayibha ye-97.6 km
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-20-2023