Itekhnoloji yomthombo weLaser yei-fiber opticalukuva iCandelo lokuQala
Itekhnoloji ye-Optical fiber sensing luhlobo lwetekhnoloji yokubona ephuhliswe kunye netekhnoloji yefiber optical kunye neteknoloji yonxibelelwano lwefiber optical, kwaye iye yaba lelinye lawona masebe asebenzayo etekhnoloji yefoto yombane.Inkqubo yokubona ifayibha ye-Optical yenziwa ikakhulu ngelaser, ifayibha yokuhambisa, into yokuva okanye indawo yokumodareyitha, ukufumanisa ukukhanya kunye nezinye iindawo.Iiparamitha ezichaza iimpawu zamaza okukhanya zibandakanya ubukhulu, ubude be-wavelength, isigaba, i-polarization state, njl. Ezi parameters zingatshintshwa ngeempembelelo zangaphandle kwi-optical fiber transmission.Ngokomzekelo, xa ubushushu, ubunzima, uxinzelelo, okwangoku, ukufuduka, ukungcangcazela, ukujikeleza, ukugoba kunye nobuninzi beekhemikhali kuchaphazela indlela ye-optical, ezi parameters zitshintsha ngokuhambelanayo.I-Optical fiber sensing isekelwe kubudlelwane phakathi kwezi parameters kunye nezinto zangaphandle zokubona ubuninzi bomzimba obuhambelanayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininziumthombo laserisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ze-fiber optical sensing, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezihambelanayoimithombo laserkunye nemithombo yokukhanya engahambelaniyo, engahambelaniyoimithombo yokukhanyaikakhulu ibandakanya ukukhanya kwe-incandescent kunye ne-diode ekhupha ukukhanya, kunye nemithombo yokukhanya ehambelanayo ibandakanya iilaser eziqinileyo, iilaser zolwelo, iilaser zegesi,semiconductor laserkwayeifayibha laser.Oku kulandelayo yenzelwe ikakhulu iumthombo wokukhanya we-laserisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi ye-fiber sensing kwiminyaka yakutshanje: ububanzi bomgca omxinwa we-laser enye-frequency laser, i-single-wavelength yokutshayela i-laser frequency kunye ne-laser emhlophe.
1.1 Iimfuno zobubanzi obumxinwaimithombo yokukhanya kwe-laser
Inkqubo yokubona i-fiber ye-Optical ayinakuhlukaniswa kumthombo we-laser, njengoko i-wave ye-light carrier elinganisiweyo, umthombo wokukhanya we-laser ngokwayo ukusebenza, njengokuzinza kwamandla, i-laser linewidth, ingxolo yesigaba kunye nezinye iiparameters kwi-optical sensing system yokubona umgama, ukufumanisa. ukuchaneka, ubuntununtunu kunye neempawu zengxolo zidlala indima ethatha izigqibo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso lweenkqubo zokubona ifayibha ezimgama omde eziphakamileyo, i-academia kunye nemizi-mveliso baye babeka phambili iimfuno ezingqongqo ngakumbi kumgca wokusebenza kwe-laser miniaturization, ngakumbi kwi-: itekhnoloji ye-optical frequency optical domain reflection (OFDR) isebenzisa ngokuhambelanayo. itekhnoloji yokufumanisa ukuhlalutya imiqondiso esasazekileyo ye-backrayleigh ye-fiber optical kwi-frequency domain, kunye nokhuselo olubanzi (amawaka eemitha).Iingenelo zesisombululo esiphezulu (isisombululo se-millimeter-level) kunye novakalelo oluphezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 dBm) ibe yenye yeetekhnoloji ezinamathuba okusebenza okubanzi ekuhanjisweni komlinganiselo wefiber optical kunye neteknoloji yokuva.Undoqo wetekhnoloji ye-OFDR kukusebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya onokutyibilikayo ukufezekisa uhlengahlengiso lwamaxesha okukhanya, ke ngoko ukusebenza komthombo we-laser kumisela izinto eziphambili ezinjengoluhlu lobhaqo lwe-OFDR, ubuntununtunu kunye nesisombululo.Xa umgama wenqaku lokubonisa usondele kubude bokuhambelana, ukuqina komqondiso wokubetha kuya kuthotywa ngokukhawuleza ngumlinganiso τ/τc.Kumthombo wokukhanya we-Gaussian onobume be-spectral, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-frequency ye-beat inokubonakala okungaphezulu kwe-90%, ubudlelwane phakathi kobubanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya kunye nobude obuninzi bokuvakalelwa kukuba inkqubo inokufezekiswa yi-Lmax ~ 0.04vg / f, oku kuthetha ukuba kwifiber enobude be-80 km, ububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya bungaphantsi kwe-100 Hz.Ukongeza, uphuhliso lwezinye izicelo lukwabeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu kububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya.Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-fiber hydrophone ye-fiber optical, ububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya bumisela ingxolo yenkqubo kwaye iphinda inqume ubuncinci besignali yenkqubo.Kwi-Brillouin optical time domain reflector (BOTDR), isisombululo somlinganiselo weqondo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo ikakhulu sichongwa bububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya.Kwi-resonator fiber optic gyro, ubude bokuhambelana kwamaza okukhanya bunokwandiswa ngokunciphisa ububanzi bomgca womthombo wokukhanya, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukucoleka kunye nobunzulu be-resonance ye-resonator, ukunciphisa ububanzi bomgca we-resonator, kunye nokuqinisekisa umlinganiselo. ukuchaneka kwe-fiber optic gyro.
1.2 Iimfuno zemithombo yelaser yokutshayela
I-laser yokutshayela i-wavelength enye ine-flexible wavelength toning performance, inokutshintsha i-laser ye-wavelength ephindaphindiweyo, ukunciphisa iindleko zokwakhiwa kwenkqubo, yinxalenye eyimfuneko yenkqubo yokubona i-fiber optical.Umzekelo, kwi-trace gas fibre sensing, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeegesi zineencopho ezahlukeneyo zokufunxa irhasi.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kokufunxa ukukhanya xa irhasi yokulinganisa yanele kwaye ifikelele kubuntununtunu bomlinganiselo ophezulu, kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa ubude bendawo yombane wokuhambisa ukukhanya kunye nencopho yokufunxa imolekyuli yegesi.Uhlobo lwerhasi olunokubhaqwa lugqitywe bubude bomthombo wokukhanya okuvayo.Ke ngoko, iilaser zobubanzi obumxinwa obusebenza ngokuzinzile kwebroadband tuning zinokuguquguquka okuphezulu komlinganiselo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo zokuva.Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iisistim zokubona i-fiber optical ezisasaziweyo ezisekwe kwi-optical frequency domain reflection, i-laser kufuneka itshayelwe ngokukhawuleza ngamaxesha athile ukuze ifumaneke ngokuchaneka okuthe tye kunye nokuthotywa kwemiqondiso ye-optical, ngoko ke izinga lokumodareyitha lomthombo we-laser lineemfuno eziphezulu. , kunye nesantya sokutshayela i-laser ehlengahlengiswayo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka sifikelele kwi-10 pm / μs.Ukongeza, i-laser ye-wavelength etyibilikayo enobubanzi obumxinwa bunokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-liDAR, i-laser ye-remote sensing kunye nohlalutyo oluphezulu lwe-spectral kunye nezinye iindawo zokuva.Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zeparameters yokusebenza ephezulu ye-tuning bandwidth, ukuchaneka kolungelelwaniso kunye nesantya sokulungisa i-laser-wavelength singles kwinkalo ye-fiber sensing, injongo iyonke yokufunda i-laser fiber lasers enokutyibilika emxinwa kwiminyaka yamva nje kukufikelela kwizinga eliphezulu- ukulungiswa okuchanekileyo kuluhlu olukhulu lwamaza ngesiseko sokulandela i-ultra-narrow laser linewidth, ingxolo yesigaba esisezantsi kakhulu, kunye ne-ultra-stable output frequency kunye namandla.
1.3 Imfuno yomthombo welaser emhlophe
Kwintsimi ye-optical sensing, umgangatho ophezulu we-laser omhlophe ubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo.Okukhona ugutyungelo olubanzi lwelaser yokukhanya okumhlophe, kokukhona kubanzi ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwinkqubo yokuvalelwa kwefiber optical.Ngokomzekelo, xa usebenzisa i-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) ukwakha inethiwekhi ye-sensor, uhlalutyo lwe-spectral okanye indlela yokulinganisa i-fiber edibeneyo ingasetyenziselwa ukuchithwa.Owangaphambili wasebenzisa i-spectrometer ukuvavanya ngokuthe ngqo i-FBG nganye i-resonant wavelength kuthungelwano.Le yokugqibela isebenzisa ireferensi yokucoca ukulandelela kunye nokulinganisa i-FBG kwimvakalelo, zombini ezifuna umthombo wokukhanya obanzi njengomthombo wokukhanya wovavanyo we-FBG.Ngenxa yokuba inethiwekhi nganye yokufikelela kwi-FBG iya kuba nelahleko ethile yokufakela, kwaye ine-bandwidth engaphezulu kwe-0.1 nm, ukuchithwa kwangaxeshanye kwe-FBG ezininzi kufuna umthombo wokukhanya obanzi onegunya eliphezulu kunye ne-bandwidth ephezulu.Ngokomzekelo, xa usebenzisa ixesha elide le-fiber grating (LPFG) yokuva, ekubeni i-bandwidth ye-peak enye yelahleko ikwi-odolo ye-10 nm, umthombo wokukhanya obanzi kunye ne-bandwidth eyaneleyo kunye ne-flat spectrum iyadingeka ukuze kubonakaliswe ngokuchanekileyo i-resonant yayo. iimpawu eziphezulu.Ngokukodwa, i-acoustic fiber grating (AIFG) eyakhiwe ngokusebenzisa i-acousto-optical effect inokufikelela kuluhlu lwe-resonant wavelength ukuya kwi-1000 nm ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kombane.Ke ngoko, uvavanyo lwegrayiti oluguquguqukayo olunoluhlu lwe-ultra-wide toning lubeka umngeni omkhulu kuluhlu lwe-bandwidth yomthombo wokukhanya obanzi.Ngokufanayo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-bragg fiber grating isetyenzisiwe ngokubanzi kwibala le-fiber sensing.Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezininzi zokulahleka kwe-spectrum, uluhlu lwe-wavelength yokusabalalisa luhlala lufikelela kwi-40 nm.Indlela yayo yokuziva iqhele ukuthelekisa intshukumo ehambelanayo phakathi kwencochoyi yothumelo oluninzi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa i-spectrum yothumelo ngokupheleleyo.I-bandwidth kunye namandla omthombo wokukhanya obanzi kufuneka ukuba ube phezulu.
2. Ubume bophando ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe
2.1 Umthombo wokukhanya welaser omxinwa
2.1.1 I-semiconductor enobubanzi obumxinwa obusasazwe ngelaser
Kwi-2006, uCliche et al.yehlisa isikali se-MHz semiconductorDFB laser(i-laser yempendulo esasaziweyo) ukuya kwisikali se-kHz kusetyenziswa indlela yengxelo yombane;Kwi-2011, uKessler et al.kusetyenziswe ubushushu obuphantsi kunye nozinzo oluphezulu lwe-crystal cavity edityaniswe nolawulo lwempendulo esebenzayo ukufumana i-ultra-narrow linewidth laser output ye-40 MHz;Kwi-2013, u-Peng et al wafumana i-laser ye-semiconductor ye-laser kunye ne-linewidth ye-15 kHz ngokusebenzisa indlela yokulungiswa kwengxelo ye-Fabry-Perot (FP) yangaphandle.Indlela yempendulo yombane isetyenziswe ikakhulu i-Pond-Drever-Hall yokuzinzisa ingxelo yokwenza ukuba i-laser linewidth yomthombo wokukhanya incitshiswe.Kwi-2010, uBernhardi et al.ivelise i-1 cm ye-erbium-doped alumina FBG kwi-silicon oxide substrate ukufumana imveliso ye-laser kunye nobubanzi bomgca malunga ne-1.7 kHz.Kwangalo nyaka, uLiang et al.isebenzise impendulo ye-self-injection ye-Rayleigh yangasemva yokusabalalisa eyenziwe yi-high-Q echo eludongeni resonator ye-semiconductor laser-width compression, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMzobo 1, kwaye ekugqibeleni ifumene imveliso ye-laser yobubanzi obuyi-160 Hz.
Umzobo 1 (a) Umzobo we-semiconductor laser linewidth compression esekelwe kwi-self-injection iRayleigh yokusasazwa kwegalari yokusebeza yangaphandle imowudi yeresonator;
(b) I-spequency spectrum yelaser ye-semiconductor esebenzayo enobubanzi obusisi-8 MHz;
(c) I-spectrum yokuphindaphinda kwelaser enobubanzi bomgca obucinezelwe ukuya kwi-160 Hz
2.1.2 I-laser yefiber enobubanzi obumxinwa
Kwi-laser ye-fiber ye-cavity ye-cavity, i-laser ye-laser ye-laser emxinwa yendlela enye yobude ifunyenwe ngokunciphisa ubude be-resonator kunye nokwandisa i-longitudinal mode interval.Kwi-2004, uSpiegelberg et al.ifumene imowudi enye yobude obumxinwa obuphuma kwilaser enobubanzi obuyi-2 kHz ngokusebenzisa indlela ye-DBR yecango emfutshane.Ngo-2007, uShen et al.wasebenzisa i-2 cm kakhulu i-erbium-doped i-silicon ifayibha ukubhala i-FBG kwi-Bi-Ge co-doped ifayibha yefotosensitive, kwaye yadibanisa nefiber esebenzayo ukwenza i-compact linear cavity, isenza i-laser output line ububanzi ngaphantsi kwe-1 kHz.Ngo-2010, uYang et al.kusetyenziswe i-2cm ephezulu ye-doped emngxunyeni omfutshane odityaniswe ne-FBG ye-narrowband yokucoca ukufumana imo ye-laser ye-longitudinal imveliso kunye nobubanzi bomgca obungaphantsi kwe-2 kHz.Kwi-2014, iqela lasebenzisa i-cavity yomgca omfutshane (i-virtual folded ring resonator) idityaniswe ne-FBG-FP filter ukufumana i-laser output kunye nobubanzi bomgca omncinci, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Kwi-2012, uCai et al.kusetyenziswe i-1.4cm yesakhiwo esifutshane somgodi ukufumana i-laser ye-polarizing ephuma ngamandla amakhulu kune-114 mW, i-wavelength ephakathi ye-1540.3 nm, kunye nobubanzi bomgca we-4.1 kHz.Kwi-2013, uMeng et al.isetyenzisiwe iBrillouin yokusabalalisa ifayibha ye-erbium-doped kunye nekhonkco elifutshane lekhonkco lesixhobo sokugcina i-bias epheleleyo ukufumana imowudi ye-single-longitudinal, inqanaba eliphantsi le-laser output kunye namandla okuphuma kwe-10 mW.Kwi-2015, iqela lasebenzisa i-ring cavity eyenziwe nge-45 cm ye-erbium-doped fiber njenge-Brillouin yokusabalalisa i-medium ukufumana i-breshold ephantsi kunye ne-laser output emxinwa.
Umzobo we-2 (a) Umzobo we-SLC fiber laser;
(b) I-Lineshape yesiginali ye-heterodyne elinganiswe nge-97.6 km yokulibaziseka kwefayibha
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-20-2023