Unxibelelwano lwe-quantum luyinxalenye ephambili yetekhnoloji yolwazi lwe-quantum. Luneengenelo zokufihla ngokupheleleyo, amandla amakhulu onxibelelwano, isantya sokudlulisa ngokukhawuleza, njl. Lunokugqiba imisebenzi ethile engenakwenziwa lunxibelelwano lwakudala. Unxibelelwano lwe-quantum lungasebenzisa inkqubo yesitshixo sabucala, esingenakuqondwa ukuze kufezekiswe ingqiqo yokwenyani yonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo, ngoko ke unxibelelwano lwe-quantum luye lwaba phambili kwisayensi nakwitekhnoloji kwihlabathi liphela. Unxibelelwano lwe-quantum lusebenzisa imeko ye-quantum njengento yolwazi ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhanjiswa kolwazi ngokufanelekileyo. Lulolunye utshintsho kwimbali yonxibelelwano emva konxibelelwano lwefowuni kunye nolwe-optical.
Izinto eziphambili zonxibelelwano lwe-quantum:
Ukusasazwa kwesitshixo esiyimfihlo seQuantum:
Ukusasazwa kwesitshixo esiyimfihlo se-quantum akusetyenziselwa ukudlulisa umxholo oyimfihlo. Sekunjalo, kukumisela nokunxibelelana ngencwadi ye-cipher, oko kukuthi, ukunika isitshixo sabucala kumacala omabini onxibelelwano lomntu, esaziwa ngokuba lunxibelelwano lwe-quantum cryptography.
Ngo-1984, uBennett wase-United States kunye noBrassart waseKhanada bacebisa i-BB84 protocol, esebenzisa ii-quantum bits njengabathwali bolwazi ukuze babhale ii-quantum states ngokusebenzisa iimpawu ze-polarization zokukhanya ukuze kufezekiswe ukuveliswa kunye nokusasazwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwee-secret keys. Ngo-1992, uBennett wacebisa i-B92 protocol esekelwe kwii-quantum states ezimbini ezingezizo ze-northogonal ezine-flow elula kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesiqingatha. Zombini ezi schemes zisekelwe kwiseti enye okanye ngaphezulu yee-orthogonal kunye nee-nonorthogonal single quantum states. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1991, u-Ekert wase-UK wacebisa i-E91 ngokusekelwe kwi-two-particle maximum entanglement state, oko kukuthi i-EPR pair.
Ngo-1998, kwacetywa esinye isicwangciso sonxibelelwano lwe-quantum esinamazwe amathandathu sokukhetha i-polarization kwiziseko ezintathu ezidityanisiweyo ezakhiwe ziimeko ezine ze-polarization kunye nokujikeleza ngasekhohlo nangokuchanekileyo kwi-BB84 protocol. I-BB84 protocol ibonakalisiwe njengendlela yokusasazwa okubalulekileyo ekhuselekileyo, engakhange yaphulwe ngumntu okwangoku. Umgaqo wokungaqiniseki kwe-quantum kunye nokungakloni kwe-quantum kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwayo olupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, i-EPR protocol inexabiso elibalulekileyo lethiyori. Idibanisa i-quantum state edibeneyo kunye nonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo lwe-quantum kwaye ivula indlela entsha yonxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo lwe-quantum.
ukuthunyelwa kwe-quantum:
Ithiyori yokuthunyelwa kwe-quantum ecetywayo nguBennett kunye nezinye izazinzulu kumazwe amathandathu ngo-1993 yindlela yokudluliselwa kwe-quantum ecocekileyo esebenzisa itshaneli yesimo esixineneyo se-two-particle maximum ukudlulisa imeko ye-quantum engaziwayo, kwaye izinga lempumelelo yokuthunyelwa kwe-quantum liya kufikelela kwi-100% [2].
Ngo-199, iqela le-a. Zeilinger lase-Austria lagqiba uvavanyo lokuqala lomgaqo we-quantum teleportation kwilebhu. Kwiifilimu ezininzi, ibali elinjalo lidla ngokuvela: umfanekiso ongaqondakaliyo unyamalala ngequbuliso kwindawo enye ngequbuliso ubonakala usendaweni yawo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-quantum teleportation iphula umgaqo we-quantum non-cloning kunye nokungaqiniseki kwe-Heisenberg kwi-quantum mechanics, luhlobo nje lwesayensi kwincoko yakudala.
Nangona kunjalo, ingcamango engaqhelekanga yokudibanisa i-quantum ifakwa kunxibelelwano lwe-quantum, oluhlulahlula ulwazi olungaziwayo lwe-quantum state yoqobo lube ngamacandelo amabini: ulwazi lwe-quantum kunye nolwazi lwe-classical, olwenza ukuba kwenzeke lo mmangaliso umangalisayo. Ulwazi lwe-quantum lulwazi olungakhutshwanga kwinkqubo yokulinganisa, kwaye ulwazi lwe-classical lulo mlinganiselo wokuqala.
Inkqubela phambili kunxibelelwano lwe-quantum:
Ukususela ngo-1994, unxibelelwano lwe-quantum luye lwangena kancinci kancinci kwinqanaba lovavanyo kwaye luqhubela phambili ukuya kwinjongo esebenzayo, enexabiso elihle lophuhliso kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Ngo-1997, u-pan Jianwei, isazinzulu esiselula saseTshayina, kunye no-bow Meister, isazinzulu saseDatshi, bavavanya baza bafumanisa ukudluliselwa okukude kweemeko ze-quantum ezingaziwayo.
Ngo-Epreli 2004, uSorensen nabanye bafumanisa ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kwe-1.45km phakathi kweebhanki okokuqala ngokusebenzisa ukusasazwa kwe-quantum entanglement, okuphawula unxibelelwano lwe-quantum ukusuka kwilebhu ukuya kwinqanaba lesicelo. Okwangoku, itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwe-quantum itsale ingqalelo enkulu koorhulumente, kushishino, nakwimfundo ephakamileyo. Ezinye iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ezidumileyo nazo ziphuhlisa ngenkuthalo ukuthengiswa kolwazi lwe-quantum, njengeBritish telephone and Telegraph Company, i-bell, i-IBM, ii-at & T laboratory e-United States, inkampani yaseToshiba eJapan, inkampani yaseSiemens eJamani, njl. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-2008, "iprojekthi yophuhliso lwenethiwekhi yonxibelelwano ekhuselekileyo yehlabathi esekelwe kwi-quantum cryptography" ye-European Union yaseka inethiwekhi yokubonisa nokuqinisekisa unxibelelwano olukhuselekileyo olunama-node asi-7.
Ngowama-2010, iphephancwadi iTime lase-United States libike ngempumelelo yovavanyo lwe-quantum teleportation lwaseTshayina oluziikhilomitha ezili-16 kwikholamu ethi “iindaba eziqhumayo” enesihloko esithi “ukutsiba kweSayensi yeQuantum yaseTshayina,” nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iTshayina inokuseka inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano lwequantum phakathi komhlaba kunye nesathelayithi [3]. Ngowama-2010, i-National Intelligence and Communication Research Institute of Japan kunye neMitsubishi Electric kunye ne-NEC, i-ID eyalinganiswa yiSwitzerland, iToshiba Europe Limited, kunye nayo yonke iVienna yase-Austria yaseka inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano lwequantum yesixeko i-“Tokyo QKD network” eTokyo. Le nethiwekhi igxile kwiziphumo zophando zamva nje zamaziko ophando kunye neenkampani ezinenqanaba eliphezulu lophuhliso kwitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwequantum eJapan naseYurophu.
I-Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. ekwi "Silicon Valley" yaseTshayina – iBeijing Zhongguancun, lishishini elinobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elizinikele ekukhonzeni amaziko ophando asekhaya nangaphandle, amaziko ophando, iiyunivesithi kunye nabasebenzi bophando lwezesayensi kwishishini. Inkampani yethu ibandakanyeka kakhulu kuphando oluzimeleyo nophuhliso, uyilo, imveliso, ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ze-optoelectronic, kwaye ibonelela ngezisombululo ezintsha kunye neenkonzo zobungcali, ezenzelwe wena kubaphandi bezesayensi kunye neenjineli zemizi-mveliso. Emva kweminyaka yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokuzimeleyo, yenze uthotho lweemveliso ze-photoelectric ezityebileyo nezigqibeleleyo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini kamasipala, emkhosini, kwezothutho, kumandla ombane, kwezemali, kwimfundo, kwezonyango nakwamanye amashishini.
Sijonge phambili kwintsebenziswano nawe!
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-05-2023