Izixhobo ezibonakalayobhekisa kwizinto eziphambili zeiinkqubo zokubonaEzisebenzisa imigaqo yokukhanya ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo efana nokujonga, ukulinganisa, uhlalutyo kunye nokurekhoda, ukucutshungulwa kolwazi, uvavanyo lomgangatho womfanekiso, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kunye nokuguqulwa, kwaye ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezinto eziphambili zezixhobo zokukhanya, iimveliso zokubonisa imifanekiso, kunye nezixhobo zokugcina ukukhanya. Ngokwendlela yokuchaneka kunye nokusetyenziswa kohlulo, inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ze-optical zemveli kunye nezinto zokukhanya ezichanekileyo. Izinto zokukhanya zemveli zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhamera yendabuko, iteleskopu, imakroskopu kunye nezinye iimveliso zokukhanya zemveli; Izinto zokukhanya ezichanekileyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifowuni ezikrelekrele, iiprojektha, iikhamera zedijithali, iikhamera, iifotokopi, izixhobo zokukhanya, izixhobo zonyango kunye neelensi ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya ezichanekileyo.
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokuvelisa, iifowuni eziphathwayo, iikhamera zedijithali kunye nezinye iimveliso ziye zaba ziimveliso ezibalulekileyo zabathengi kubemi, nto leyo eqhuba iimveliso ze-optical ukwandisa iimfuno zokuchaneka kwezixhobo ze-optical.
Ngokwembono yentsimi yesicelo secandelo le-optical yehlabathi, iifowuni ezikrelekrele kunye neekhamera zedijithali zezona zicelo zibalulekileyo zecandelo le-optical elichanekileyo. Imfuno yokubeka esweni ukhuseleko, iikhamera zeemoto, kunye namakhaya akrelekrele ikwabeke phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokucaca kwekhamera, okunganyusi nje kuphela imfunoi-opticalifilimu yelensi yeekhamera ezineenkcazo eziphezulu, kodwa ikwakhuthaza ukuphuculwa kweemveliso zemveli zokugquma nge-optical ukuya kwiimveliso zokugquma nge-optical ezineenzuzo eziphezulu.
Inkqubela yophuhliso lweshishini
① ukutshintsha kwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo imveliso
Uphuhliso lweshishini lezinto ezisebenza ngokukhanya okuchanekileyo luxhomekeke kutshintsho kwimfuno yemveliso ephantsi. Izinto ezisebenza ngokukhanya zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso ze-optoelectronic ezifana neeprojektha, iikhamera zedijithali kunye nezixhobo ze-optimal optical. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuthandwa ngokukhawuleza kweefowuni ezikrelekrele, ishishini leekhamera zedijithali lilonke lingene kwixesha lokuhla, kwaye isabelo salo semarike siye satshintshwa kancinci kancinci ziifowuni zekhamera ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Izandi zezixhobo ezinxibekayo ezikrelekrele ezikhokelwa yi-Apple ziye zaba sisisongelo esibulalayo kwiimveliso zemveli ze-optoelectronic eJapan.
Ngokubanzi, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno yokhuseleko, izithuthi, kunye neemveliso zefowuni kuye kwakhokelela ekuhlengahlengisweni kwesakhiwo seshishini lezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokuhlengahlengiswa kwesakhiwo semveliso esezantsi kwishishini le-photoelectric, ishishini lezinto ezibonakalayo eliphakathi kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso liza kutshintsha indlela yophuhliso lwemveliso, lilungise isakhiwo semveliso, kwaye lisondele kumashishini amatsha afana neefowuni ezihlakaniphileyo, iinkqubo zokhuseleko, kunye neelensi zeemoto.
②Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphucula ubuchwepheshe
Indawo yokukhwelelaiimveliso ze-optoelectronicziphuhliswa kwicala leepikseli eziphezulu, ezincinci nezingabizi kakhulu, nto leyo ebeka phambili iimfuno zobugcisa eziphezulu zezixhobo ze-optical. Ukuze zivumelane neendlela ezinjalo zemveliso, izixhobo ze-optical zitshintshile ngokwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye neenkqubo zobugcisa.
(1) Iilensi ze-optical aspherical ziyafumaneka
Ukujonga iilensi ezingqukuva kuneempazamo, kulula ukubangela ubukhali kunye nokuguquguquka kweempazamo, ilensi engqukuva inokufumana umgangatho ongcono wokujonga imifanekiso, ilungise iintlobo ngeentlobo zeempazamo, iphucule ubuchule bokuchonga inkqubo. Ingathatha indawo yeelensi ezininzi ezingqukuva ngenxalenye enye okanye ezininzi zelensi engqukuva, ilula isakhiwo sesixhobo kwaye inciphise iindleko. Isibuko esifana neparabolic, isibuko se-hyperboloid kunye nesibuko esi-elliptic esisetyenziswa rhoqo.
(2) Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweeplastiki ezibonakalayo
Izinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwizinto ezibonakalayo yiglasi ekhanyayo, kwaye ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokwenziwa kunye nokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji yokucubungula, iiplastiki ezibonakalayo ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Izinto zeglasi ezibonakalayo zemveli zibiza kakhulu, itekhnoloji yokuvelisa kunye nokuhlaziya iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye isivuno asiphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa neglasi ebonakalayo, iiplastiki ezibonakalayo zineempawu ezilungileyo zenkqubo yokubumba iplastiki, ubunzima obuphantsi, iindleko eziphantsi kunye nezinye izibonelelo, kwaye zisetyenziswe kakhulu kwiifoto, iinqwelomoya, emkhosini, kwezonyango, kwenkcubeko nakwezemfundo yezixhobo zokukhanya zaseburhulumenteni kunye nezixhobo.
Ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa kweelensi ze-optical, zonke iintlobo zeelensi kunye neelensi zinemveliso zeplastiki, ezinokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo yinkqubo yokubumba, ngaphandle kokugaya okuqhelekileyo, ukugaywa okucolekileyo, ukupolisha kunye nezinye iinkqubo, ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiinxalenye ze-aspherical optical. Olunye uphawu lokusetyenziswa kweplastiki ze-optical kukuba ilensi inokwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo ngesakhiwo sesakhelo, okwenza kube lula inkqubo yokuhlanganisa, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuhlanganisa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinyibilikisi ziye zasetyenziswa ukusasaza zibe ziiplastiki ze-optical ukutshintsha isalathisi sokukhanyela kwezinto ze-optical kunye nokulawula iimpawu zemveliso ukusuka kwinqanaba lezinto eziluhlaza. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amashishini asekhaya aqalise nokuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lweeplastiki ze-optical, uluhlu lwazo lokusetyenziswa luye lwandiswa ukusuka kwiindawo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ukuya kwiinkqubo ze-optical zomfanekiso, abavelisi basekhaya kwinkqubo ye-optical framing inxalenye okanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo yonke iplastiki ye-optical endaweni yeglasi ye-optical. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuba iziphene ezifana nokuzinza okubi, isalathisi sokukhanyela siyatshintsha ngobushushu, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka okubi kunokoyiswa, ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ze-optical kwicandelo lezinto ezibonakalayo kuya kuba kukhulu ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-05-2024