I-Nanolaser luhlobo lwesixhobo se-micro kunye ne-nano esenziwe ngama-nanomaterials afana ne-nanowire njenge-resonator kwaye inokukhipha i-laser phantsi kwe-photoexcitation okanye i-excitation yombane.Ubungakanani bale laser budla ngokuba ngamakhulu ama-microns okanye amashumi eemicrons, kwaye ububanzi bufikelela kumyalelo we-nanometer, oyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomboniso wefilimu obhityileyo wexesha elizayo, i-optics edibeneyo kunye nezinye iindawo.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
Ngo-2001, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, e-United States, benza i-laser encinci yehlabathi - i-nanolasers - kwi-nanooptic wire kuphela kwiwaka lewaka lobude beenwele zomntu.Le laser ayikhuphi nje iilaser ze-ultraviolet, kodwa inokuhlengahlengiswa ukuze ikhuphe iilaser ukusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kwi-ultraviolet enzulu.Abaphandi basebenzise ubuchule obuqhelekileyo obubizwa ngokuba yi-epiphytation eqhelanisiweyo ukwenza i-laser kwiikristale ezicocekileyo ze-zinc oxide.Baqala "ukuhlakulela" i-nanowires, oko kukuthi, baqulunqwe kwinqanaba legolide kunye nobubanzi be-20nm ukuya kwi-150nm kunye nobude be-10,000 nm iingcingo ezicocekileyo ze-zinc oxide.Emva koko, xa abaphandi bavula i-zinc oxide crystals ecocekileyo kwi-nanowires ngenye i-laser phantsi kwe-greenhouse, i-crystals ye-zinc oxide ecocekileyo yakhupha i-laser ene-wavelength ye-17nm kuphela.Ezo nanolasers ekugqibeleni zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga iikhemikhali kunye nokuphucula amandla okugcina ulwazi kwiidiski zekhompyuter kunye neekhompyuter zefotonic.
2. I-Ultraviolet nanolaser
Emva kokufika kwe-micro-lasers, i-micro-disk lasers, i-micro-ring lasers, kunye ne-quantum avalanche lasers, i-chemist Yang Peidong kunye noogxa bakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, benza i-nanolasers yeqondo lokushisa.Le zinc oxide nanolaser inokukhupha i-laser enobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-0.3nm kunye ne-wavelength ye-385nm phantsi kwe-excitation yokukhanya, ethathwa njengeyona laser encinci emhlabeni kunye nesinye sezixhobo zokuqala ezisebenzayo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa i-nanotechnology.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, abaphandi baqikelela ukuba le nanolaser ye-ZnO kulula ukuyenza, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci, kwaye ukusebenza kuyalingana okanye kungcono kune-GaN blue lasers.Ngenxa yokukwazi ukwenza i-nanowire arrays ephezulu, i-ZnO nanolasers inokufaka izicelo ezininzi ezingenakwenzeka ngezixhobo ze-GaAs zanamhlanje.Ukuze kukhule iilaser ezinjalo, iZnO nanowire idityaniswe yindlela yokuthutha igesi eyenza ukukhula kwe-epitaxial crystal.Okokuqala, i-substrate yesafire igqunywe ngomgca we-1 nm ~ 3.5nm ifilimu yegolide engqindilili, kwaye emva koko uyibeke kwisikhephe se-alumina, izinto kunye ne-substrate zifudunyezwe kwi-880 ° C ~ 905 ° C ekuhambeni kwe-ammonia ukuvelisa. I-Zn steam, kwaye emva koko i-Zn steam ihanjiswa kwi-substrate.I-Nanowires ye-2μm ~ 10μm ene-hexagonal cross-sectional area yenziwa kwinkqubo yokukhula kwe-2min ~ 10min.Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba i-ZnO nanowire yenza i-laser cavity yendalo kunye nobubanzi be-20nm ukuya kwi-150nm, kwaye ininzi (95%) yobubanzi bayo yi-70nm ukuya kwi-100nm.Ukufunda ukukhutshwa kwe-nanowires, abaphandi bapompa isampuli kwi-greenhouse kunye nesiphumo sesine se-harmonic ye-Nd: YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse width).Ngexesha lokuvela kwe-spectrum yokukhutshwa, ukukhanya kuqhwala ngokunyuka kwamandla epompo.Xa i-lasing idlula umda we-ZnO nanowire (malunga ne-40kW / cm), indawo ephezulu iya kubonakala kwi-spectrum emission.Ububanzi bomgca bala manqaku aphezulu angaphantsi kwe-0.3nm, engaphezulu kwe-1/50 ngaphantsi kobubanzi bomgca ukusuka kwi-vertex yokukhutshwa ngaphantsi komqobo.Olu bubanzi bumxinwa kunye nokunyuka okukhawulezayo koxinzelelo lokukhutshwa kwakhokelela abaphandi ukuba bagqibe ekubeni ukukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo kwenzeka ngokwenene kwezi nanowires.Ke ngoko, olu luhlu lwe-nanowire lunokusebenza njenge-resonator yendalo kwaye ke lube ngumthombo ofanelekileyo we-laser.Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba le nanolaser ye-short-wavelength ingasetyenziselwa kwiinkalo ze-computing optical, ukugcinwa kolwazi kunye ne-nanoanalyzer.
3. I-quantum kakuhle lasers
Ngaphambi nasemva kuka-2010, ububanzi bomgca obekwe kwi-chip ye-semiconductor buya kufikelela kwi-100nm okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye kuya kubakho ii-electron ezimbalwa ezihambayo kwisekethe, kwaye ukwanda kunye nokuncipha kwe-electron kuya kuba nempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwe-electron. isiphaluka.Ukusombulula le ngxaki, ii-lasers ze-quantum zazalwa.Kwi-quantum mechanics, indawo enokuthi ithintele ukushukuma kwee-elektroni kwaye ilinganise inani labo libizwa ngokuba liqula le-quantum.Lo mqobo we-quantum usetyenziselwa ukwenza amanqanaba ombane we-quantum kumaleko asebenzayo we-laser semiconductor, ukuze utshintsho lwe-elektroniki phakathi kwamanqanaba ombane lulawule kwimitha echulumancisayo yelaser, eyilaser ye-quantum kakuhle.Kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-quantum well lasers: i-quantum line lasers kunye ne-quantum dot lasers.
① Umgca we-quantum laser
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zaphuhlisa i-quantum wire lasers ezinamandla ngamaxesha angama-1,000 ngaphezu kweelaser zendabuko, zithatha inyathelo elikhulu ekudaleni iikhomputha ezikhawulezayo kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano.I-laser, enokunyusa isantya somsindo, ividiyo, i-Intanethi kunye nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano kwi-fiber-optic networks, yaphuhliswa zizazinzulu kwiYunivesithi yaseYale, iLucent Technologies Bell LABS eNew Jersey kunye neMax Planck Institute for Physics eDresden, Jemani.Ezi lasers zamandla aphezulu zinganciphisa imfuno yeeRepeaters ezibizayo, ezifakelwa rhoqo kwii-80km (50 miles) ecaleni komgca wonxibelelwano, ziphinde zivelise i-laser pulses ezingaqini kakhulu njengoko zihamba ngefiber (Repeaters).
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-15-2023