I-Nanolaser luhlobo lwesixhobo esincinci nesincinci esenziwe ngezinto ezincinci ezifana ne-nanowire njenge-resonator kwaye inokukhupha i-laser phantsi kwe-photoexcitation okanye i-electrical excitation. Ubungakanani bale laser budla ngokuba ngamakhulu ee-microns okanye amashumi ee-microns, kwaye ububanzi bufikelela kumyalelo we-nanometer, oyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yesikrini sefilimu esincinci sexesha elizayo, i-integrated optics kunye nezinye iindawo.
Ulwahlulo lwe-nanolaser:
1. I-laser ye-nanowire
Ngowama-2001, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, eMelika, benze i-laser encinci ehlabathini - ii-nanolaser - kwi-nanooptic wire kuphela iwaka leenwele zomntu. Le laser ayikhuphi nje kuphela ii-ultraviolet lasers, kodwa inokulungiswa ukuba ikhuphe ii-laser eziqala kwi-blue ukuya kwi-deep ultraviolet. Abaphandi basebenzise indlela eqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-oriented epiphytation ukwenza i-laser ukusuka kwiikristale ze-zinc oxide ezicocekileyo. Baqala "bakhulisa" ii-nanowires, oko kukuthi, ezenziwe kumaleko wegolide onobubanzi obuyi-20nm ukuya kwi-150nm kunye nobude obuyi-10,000 nm iintambo ze-zinc oxide ezicocekileyo. Emva koko, xa abaphandi bavula iikristale ze-zinc oxide ezicocekileyo kwii-nanowires ngenye i-laser phantsi kwe-greenhouse, iikristale ze-zinc oxide ezicocekileyo zakhupha i-laser enobude obuyi-17nm kuphela. Ezi nanolaser ekugqibeleni zinokusetyenziselwa ukuchonga iikhemikhali kunye nokuphucula amandla okugcina ulwazi kwiidiski zekhompyutha kunye neekhompyutha ze-photonic.
2. I-nanolaser ye-Ultraviolet
Emva kokufika kwee-micro-laser, ii-micro-disk lasers, ii-micro-ring lasers, kunye nee-quantum avalanche lasers, ikhemisti uYang Peidong kunye noogxa bakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, benze ii-nanolaser zobushushu begumbi. Le nanolaser ye-zinc oxide inokukhupha i-laser enobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-0.3nm kunye nobude obude be-385nm phantsi kokukhanya okukhanyayo, okuthathwa njengeyona laser incinci ehlabathini kwaye yenye yezixhobo zokuqala ezisebenzayo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa i-nanotechnology. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, abaphandi baqikelela ukuba le nanolaser ye-ZnO kulula ukuyenza, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuyafana okanye kungcono kunee-GaN blue lasers. Ngenxa yokukwazi ukwenza ii-nanowire arrays eziphezulu, ii-nanolaser ze-ZnO zinokungena kwii-application ezininzi ezingenakwenzeka ngezixhobo ze-GaAs zanamhlanje. Ukuze kukhuliswe ii-laser ezinjalo, i-ZnO nanowire yenziwe ngendlela yokuthutha igesi ekhuthaza ukukhula kwekristale ye-epitaxial. Okokuqala, i-substrate yesafire igqunywe ngomaleko wefilimu yegolide eyi-1 nm ~ 3.5nm ubukhulu, ize ibekwe kwisikhephe se-alumina, izinto kunye ne-substrate zifudunyezwa ziye kwi-880 ° C ~ 905 ° C kwi-ammonia flow ukuvelisa umphunga we-Zn, uze emva koko umphunga we-Zn uthuthwe uye kwi-substrate. Ii-nanowires ze-2μm ~ 10μm ezine-hexagonal cross-sectional area zenziwe kwinkqubo yokukhula ye-2min ~ 10min. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba i-nanowire ye-ZnO yenza i-laser cavity yendalo enobubanzi be-20nm ukuya kwi-150nm, kwaye uninzi (95%) lobubanzi bayo yi-70nm ukuya kwi-100nm. Ukuze bafunde ukukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo kwee-nanowires, abaphandi bapompe isampuli nge-optically kwi-greenhouse ene-harmonic output yesine ye-Nd:YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse width). Ngexesha lokuguquka kwe-emission spectrum, ukukhanya kuncitshiswa ngokonyuka kwamandla epompo. Xa i-lasing idlula umda we-ZnO nanowire (malunga ne-40kW/cm), indawo ephezulu iya kubonakala kwi-emission spectrum. Ububanzi bomgca wala manqaku aphezulu bungaphantsi kwe-0.3nm, engaphezulu kwe-1/50 ngaphantsi kobubanzi bomgca ukusuka kwi-emission vertex engaphantsi komgca. Olu bubanzi bomgca obuncinci kunye nokwanda ngokukhawuleza kobukhulu bokukhupha umoya kukhokelele abaphandi ukuba bagqibe kwelokuba ukukhupha umoya okukhuthazwayo kuyenzeka ngokwenene kwezi nanowires. Ke ngoko, olu luhlu lwe-nanowire lunokusebenza njenge-resonator yendalo kwaye ngaloo ndlela lube ngumthombo we-micro laser ofanelekileyo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba le nanolaser ye-short-wavelength ingasetyenziswa kwicandelo le-optical computing, ukugcina ulwazi kunye ne-nanoanalyzer.
3. Iilaser zemithombo yeQuantum
Ngaphambi nasemva kowama-2010, ububanzi bomgca obukrolwe kwi-chip ye-semiconductor buza kufikelela kwi-100nm okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye kuya kubakho ii-electron ezimbalwa ezihamba kwisekethe, kwaye ukwanda nokuncipha kwe-electron kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwesekethe. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kwazalwa ii-laser ze-quantum well. Kwi-quantum mechanics, intsimi enokubakho ethintela intshukumo yee-electron kwaye izilinganise ibizwa ngokuba yi-quantum well. Le quantum constraint isetyenziselwa ukwenza amanqanaba e-quantum energy kumaleko asebenzayo we-semiconductor laser, ukuze utshintsho lwe-elektroniki phakathi kwamanqanaba e-energy lulawule i-radiation evuselelweyo ye-laser, eyi-quantum well laser. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-quantum well lasers: ii-quantum line lasers kunye nee-quantum dot lasers.
① Ilaser yomgca weQuantum
Izazinzulu ziye zaphuhlisa ii-laser ze-quantum wire ezinamandla ngokuphindwe kayi-1,000 kunee-laser zemveli, zithatha inyathelo elikhulu ekudaleni iikhompyutha kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezikhawulezayo. Le laser, enokunyusa isantya seaudio, ividiyo, i-intanethi kunye nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano ngenethiwekhi ye-fiber-optic, yaphuhliswa zizazinzulu kwiYunivesithi yaseYale, iLucent Technologies Bell LABS eNew Jersey kunye neMax Planck Institute for Physics eDresden, eJamani. Ezi lasers zinamandla aphezulu ziya kunciphisa imfuneko yeeRepeaters ezibizayo, ezifakwa rhoqo emva kwe-80km (50 miles) kumgca wonxibelelwano, ziphinde zivelise ii-laser pulses ezingenamandla kangako njengoko zihamba nge-fiber (Repeaters).
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-15-2023