I-Nanolaser luhlobo lwesixhobo se-micro kunye ne-nano esenziwe ngama-nanomaterials afana ne-nanowire njenge-resonator kwaye inokukhipha i-laser phantsi kwe-photoexcitation okanye i-excitation yombane. Ubungakanani bale laser budla ngokuba ngamakhulu ama-microns okanye amashumi eemicrons, kwaye ububanzi bufikelela kumyalelo we-nanometer, oyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomboniso wefilimu obhityileyo wexesha elizayo, i-optics edibeneyo kunye nezinye iindawo.
Ukuhlelwa kwe-nanolaser:
1. Nanowire laser
Ngo-2001, abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, e-United States, benza i-laser encinci yehlabathi - i-nanolasers - kwi-nanooptic wire kuphela kwiwaka lewaka lobude beenwele zomntu. Le laser ayikhuphi nje iilaser ze-ultraviolet, kodwa inokuhlengahlengiswa ukuze ikhuphe iilaser ukusuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kwi-ultraviolet enzulu. Abaphandi basebenzise ubuchule obuqhelekileyo obubizwa ngokuba yi-epiphytation eqhelanisiweyo ukwenza i-laser kwiikristale ezicocekileyo ze-zinc oxide. Baqala "ukuhlakulela" i-nanowires, oko kukuthi, baqulunqwe kwinqanaba legolide kunye nobubanzi be-20nm ukuya kwi-150nm kunye nobude be-10,000 nm iingcingo ezicocekileyo ze-zinc oxide. Emva koko, xa abaphandi bavula i-zinc oxide crystals ecocekileyo kwi-nanowires ngenye i-laser phantsi kwe-greenhouse, i-crystals ye-zinc oxide ecocekileyo yakhupha i-laser ene-wavelength ye-17nm kuphela. Ezo nanolasers ekugqibeleni zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga iikhemikhali kunye nokuphucula amandla okugcina ulwazi kwiidiski zekhompyuter kunye neekhompyuter zefotonic.
2. I-Ultraviolet nanolaser
Emva kokufika kwe-micro-lasers, i-micro-disk lasers, i-micro-ring lasers, kunye ne-quantum avalanche lasers, i-chemist Yang Peidong kunye noogxa bakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, benza i-nanolasers yeqondo lokushisa. Le zinc oxide nanolaser inokukhupha i-laser enobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-0.3nm kunye ne-wavelength ye-385nm phantsi kwe-excitation yokukhanya, ethathwa njengeyona laser encinci emhlabeni kunye nesinye sezixhobo zokuqala ezisebenzayo ezenziwe kusetyenziswa i-nanotechnology. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso, abaphandi baqikelela ukuba le nanolaser ye-ZnO kulula ukuyenza, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ubungakanani obuncinci, kwaye ukusebenza kuyalingana okanye kungcono kune-GaN blue lasers. Ngenxa yokukwazi ukwenza i-nanowire arrays ephezulu, i-ZnO nanolasers inokufaka izicelo ezininzi ezingenakwenzeka ngezixhobo ze-GaAs zanamhlanje. Ukuze kukhule iilaser ezinjalo, iZnO nanowire idityaniswe yindlela yokuthutha igesi eyenza ukukhula kwe-epitaxial crystal. Okokuqala, i-substrate yesafire igqunywe ngomgca we-1 nm ~ 3.5nm ifilimu yegolide engqindilili, kwaye emva koko uyibeke kwisikhephe se-alumina, izinto kunye ne-substrate zifudunyezwe kwi-880 ° C ~ 905 ° C ekuhambeni kwe-ammonia ukuvelisa. I-Zn steam, kwaye emva koko i-steam ye-Zn ihanjiswa kwi-substrate. I-Nanowires ye-2μm ~ 10μm ene-hexagonal cross-sectional area yenziwe kwinkqubo yokukhula kwe-2min ~ 10min. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba i-ZnO nanowire yenza i-laser cavity yendalo kunye nobubanzi be-20nm ukuya kwi-150nm, kwaye ininzi (95%) yobubanzi bayo yi-70nm ukuya kwi-100nm. Ukufunda ukukhutshwa kwe-nanowires, abaphandi bapompa isampuli kwi-greenhouse kunye nesiphumo sesine se-harmonic ye-Nd: YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse width). Ngexesha lokuvela kwe-spectrum ephumayo, ukukhanya kuqhwala ngokunyuka kwamandla epompo. Xa i-lasing idlula umda we-ZnO nanowire (malunga ne-40kW / cm), indawo ephezulu iya kubonakala kwi-spectrum emission. Ububanzi bomgca bala manqaku aphezulu bungaphantsi kwe-0.3nm, engaphezulu kwe-1/50 ngaphantsi kobubanzi bomgca ukusuka kwi-vertex yokukhutshwa ngaphantsi komqobo. Olu bubanzi bumxinwa kunye nokunyuka okukhawulezayo kwi-emission intensity kwakhokelela abaphandi ukuba bagqibe ekubeni ukukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo kwenzeka ngokwenene kwezi nanowires. Ke ngoko, olu luhlu lwe-nanowire lunokusebenza njenge-resonator yendalo kwaye ke lube ngumthombo ofanelekileyo we-laser micro. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba le nanolaser ye-short-wavelength ingasetyenziselwa kwiinkalo ze-computing optical, ukugcinwa kolwazi kunye ne-nanoanalyzer.
3. I-quantum kakuhle lasers
Ngaphambi nasemva kuka-2010, ububanzi bomgca obekwe kwi-chip ye-semiconductor buya kufikelela kwi-100nm okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye kuya kubakho ii-electron ezimbalwa ezihambayo kwisekethe, kwaye ukwanda kunye nokuncipha kwe-electron kuya kuba nempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwe-electron. isiphaluka. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, ii-lasers ze-quantum zazalwa. Kwi-quantum mechanics, indawo enokuthi ithintele ukushukuma kwee-elektroni kwaye ilinganise inani labo libizwa ngokuba liqula le-quantum. Lo mqobo we-quantum usetyenziselwa ukwenza amanqanaba ombane we-quantum kumaleko asebenzayo we-laser semiconductor, ukuze utshintsho lwe-elektroniki phakathi kwamanqanaba ombane lulawule kwimitha echulumancisayo yelaser, eyilaser ye-quantum kakuhle. Kukho iindidi ezimbini ze-quantum well lasers: i-quantum line lasers kunye ne-quantum dot lasers.
① Umgca we-quantum laser
Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zaphuhlisa i-quantum wire lasers ezinamandla ngamaxesha angama-1,000 ngaphezu kweelaser zendabuko, zithatha inyathelo elikhulu ekudaleni iikhomputha ezikhawulezayo kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. I-laser, enokunyusa isantya somsindo, ividiyo, i-Intanethi kunye nezinye iindlela zonxibelelwano kwi-fiber-optic networks, yaphuhliswa zizazinzulu kwiYunivesithi yaseYale, iLucent Technologies Bell LABS eNew Jersey kunye neMax Planck Institute for Physics eDresden, Jemani. Ezi lasers zamandla aphezulu zinganciphisa imfuno yeeRepeaters ezibizayo, ezifakelwa rhoqo kwii-80km (50 miles) ecaleni komgca wonxibelelwano, ziphinde zivelise i-laser pulses ezingaqini kakhulu njengoko zihamba ngefiber (Repeaters).
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-15-2023