Yintoni iIsixhobo sokubona ifoto
Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwetekhnoloji yanamhlanje, ii-photodetectors, njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo se-sensor, ziye zabonakala kancinci kancinci ebantwini. Ingakumbi i-Si photodetector (isixhobo sokubona ifoto sesilicon), ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuphezulu kunye namathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa, zifumene ingqwalasela enkulu. Eli nqaku liza kubonelela ngengcaciso enzulu kodwa elula ukuyiqonda yemigaqo esisiseko, iimpawu zesakhiwo, amasimi okusetyenziswa, kunye neendlela zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo lwe-silicon photodetectors kuwo wonke umntu.
Umgaqo osisiseko wee-photodetectors ze-Si usekelwe kwisiphumo se-photoelectric. Xa ii-photons zibetha izinto ze-semiconductor, kuveliswa ii-electron-hole pairs, ezithi zona zenze umsinga wombane. Izinto ze-silicon zineempawu ezintle zokufunxa ukukhanya, ngakumbi kwiibhendi ezibonakalayo nezikufutshane ne-infrared, kwaye ke ngoko zifanelekile kakhulu ukusetyenziswa njengezinto ezisisiseko zee-photodetectors. Umgaqo osebenzayo wee-photodetectors ze-Si ungashwankathelwa ngokulula ngamanyathelo aliqela: incidence ye-photon, i-photon absorption, i-carrier generation kunye ne-current output.
Ngokuphathelele ulwakhiwo lwee-silicon photodetectors, zihlala zahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye eziphambili ezininzi: umaleko wokufumana ukukhanya, umaleko wokufumana kunye nomaleko we-electrode. Umaleko wokufumana ukukhanya unoxanduva lokufunxa ukukhanya kwesiganeko kunye nokuvelisa ii-carriers, ngelixa umaleko wokufumana ukukhanya usetyenziselwa ukwandisa inani lee-carriers, ngaloo ndlela uphucula uvakalelo lwe-detector. Umaleko we-electrode unoxanduva lokuqokelela ii-carriers kunye nokwenza imiqondiso yamandla. Isakhiwo esiyilwe kakuhle sinokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-detector ngempumelelo, njengokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo.
Iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwe-silicon photodetector zibanzi kakhulu, zigubungela iinkalo ezininzi ezifana nonxibelelwano, ubugcisa bokufota, kunye nokubeka esweni okusingqongileyo. Kunxibelelwano lwe-optical, ii-detectors ezisekelwe kwi-silicon zisetyenziselwa ukufumana imiqondiso ye-optical kwaye ziguqulelwe kwimiqondiso yombane ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kolwazi ngokukhawuleza. Kwicandelo lobugcisa bokufota, i-Si photodetector idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiikhamera zedijithali kunye neewebcams ukunceda ekubambeni imifanekiso ecacileyo. I-Si photodetector ingasetyenziswa nasekubekeni esweni okusingqongileyo, imisela iimeko okusingqongileyo ngokubeka esweni utshintsho ekukhanyeni, njengokufumanisa ubukho bokungcola.
Kwixesha elizayo, iindlela zophuhliso lwe-silicon photodetector ziya kubonakala kakhulu kwezi nkalo zilandelayo. Utshintsho kwizixhobo kulindeleke ukuba luphucule ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokufumanisa, njengokusetyenziswa kwee-alloys ezintsha okanye izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ukwandisa amandla okufunxa ukukhanya kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-quantum. Ukulungiswa koyilo lwesakhiwo nako kukwabalulekile. Ngetekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwezinto ezincinci, i-miniaturization kunye nokuhlanganiswa kunokufezekiswa ukuphucula uvakalelo kunye nesantya sokuphendula kwezixhobo.isixhobo sokubona iifotoNgokudibanisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokucubungula isignali, umlinganiselo wesignali-ingxolo wesixhobo sokufumanisa unokuphuculwa ngakumbi, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwaso kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo. Isixhobo sokufumanisa ifoto, njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo senzwa, sitshintsha ubomi bethu kancinci kancinci ngokusebenza kwaso okugqwesileyo kunye namathuba esicelo esibanzi. Ngokuqhubeka kweteknoloji, izixhobo zokufumanisa ifoto ezisekelwe kwisilicon ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi, zizisa amathuba amaninzi kwikamva lethu.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-01-2025