Isixhobo sokubona ifoto sefilimu encinci ye-lithium niobate (LN)

Isixhobo sokubona ifoto sefilimu encinci ye-lithium niobate (LN)

I-Lithium niobate (LN) inesakhiwo sekristale esahlukileyo kunye neziphumo zomzimba ezityebileyo, ezifana neziphumo ezingezizo ezilandelelanayo, iziphumo ze-electro-optic, iziphumo ze-pyroelectric, kunye neziphumo ze-piezoelectric. Kwangaxeshanye, ineenzuzo zefestile ye-wideband optical transparency kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide. Ezi mpawu zenza i-LN ibe liqonga elibalulekileyo kwisizukulwana esitsha se-photonics edibeneyo. Kwizixhobo ze-optical kunye neenkqubo ze-optoelectronic, iimpawu ze-LN zinokubonelela ngemisebenzi etyebileyo kunye nokusebenza, zikhuthaza uphuhliso lonxibelelwano lwe-optical, i-optical computing, kunye neendawo zokubona i-optical. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeempawu ezibuthathaka zokufunxa kunye nokufakelwa kwe-lithium niobate, ukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo kwe-lithium niobate kusajongene nengxaki yokufumanisa okunzima. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iingxelo kweli candelo ziquka ikakhulu ii-photodetectors ezidibeneyo ze-waveguide kunye nee-photodetectors ze-heterojunction.
I-photodetector edibeneyo ye-waveguide esekelwe kwi-lithium niobate idla ngokugxila kwi-C-band yonxibelelwano lwe-optical (1525-1565nm). Ngokuphathelele umsebenzi, i-LN idlala indima yamaza akhokelwayo, ngelixa umsebenzi wokufumanisa i-optoelectronic uxhomekeke kakhulu kwi-semiconductors ezifana ne-silicon, ii-semiconductors ze-bandgap ezincinci ze-III-V, kunye nezinto ezinemilinganiselo emibini. Kwisakhiwo esinjalo, ukukhanya kudluliselwa nge-lithium niobate optical waveguides ngokulahleka okuphantsi, kwaye emva koko kufunxwe zezinye izixhobo ze-semiconductor ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo ze-photoelectric (ezifana ne-photoconductivity okanye iziphumo ze-photovoltaic) ukwandisa uxinzelelo lomthwali kunye nokuyiguqula ibe ziimpawu zombane zokuphuma. Iingenelo zi-bandwidth ephezulu yokusebenza (~GHz), i-voltage ephantsi yokusebenza, ubungakanani obuncinci, kunye nokuhambelana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-photonic chip. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwahlulwa kwendawo kwezinto ze-lithium niobate kunye ne-semiconductor, nangona nganye yenza imisebenzi yayo, i-LN idlala indima kuphela kumaza akhokelayo kwaye ezinye iipropati zangaphandle ezintle azisetyenziswanga kakuhle. Izixhobo ze-semiconductor zidlala indima kuphela ekuguqulweni kwe-photoelectric kwaye azinazo i-coupling ehambelanayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho i-band yokusebenza encinci. Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa okuthile, ukudibana kokukhanya okuvela kumthombo wokukhanya ukuya kwi-lithium niobate optical waveguide kubangela ilahleko ezinkulu kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zenkqubo. Ukongeza, amandla okukhanya okwenyani okukhanya okukhanyiswa kwitshaneli yesixhobo se-semiconductor kwindawo yokudibanisa kunzima ukuwalinganisa, nto leyo ethintela ukusebenza kwawo kokubona.
Imveliii-photodetectorsEzisetyenziswa kwizicelo zokufota zihlala zisekelwe kwizixhobo ze-semiconductor. Ke ngoko, kwi-lithium niobate, izinga layo lokufunxa ukukhanya eliphantsi kunye neempawu zokukhusela kwenza ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo ingathandwa ngabaphandi be-photodetector, kwaye ibe yindawo enzima kweli candelo. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-heterojunction kwiminyaka yakutshanje luzise ithemba kuphando lwee-photodetectors ezisekelwe kwi-lithium niobate. Ezinye izinto ezinokufunxa ukukhanya okunamandla okanye ukuqhuba kakuhle zinokudityaniswa ngokungafaniyo ne-lithium niobate ukuze kulungiswe ukusilela kwayo. Kwangaxeshanye, iimpawu ze-pyroelectric ezibangelwa yi-lithium niobate ngenxa ye-anisotropy yayo yesakhiwo zinokulawulwa ngokuguqulwa zibe bubushushu phantsi kokukhanya okukhanyayo, ngaloo ndlela zitshintshe iimpawu ze-pyroelectric ukuze kufunyanwe i-optoelectronic. Esi siphumo sobushushu sineengenelo ze-wideband kunye nokuziqhuba ngokwakho, kwaye sinokudityaniswa kakuhle kwaye sidityaniswe nezinye izixhobo. Ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye kweziphumo zobushushu kunye ne-photoelectric kuvule ixesha elitsha lee-photodetectors ezisekelwe kwi-lithium niobate, okuvumela izixhobo ukuba zidibanise iingenelo zeziphumo zombini. Kwaye ukulungisa ukusilela kunye nokufezekisa ukuhlanganiswa okuhambelanayo kweenzuzo, Liyindawo yophando kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ion implantation, i-band engineering, kunye ne-defect engineering kukhetho olufanelekileyo lokusombulula ubunzima bokufumanisa i-lithium niobate. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu bokucubungula i-lithium niobate, eli candelo lisajongene nemingeni emikhulu efana nokuhlanganiswa okuphantsi, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zomfanekiso we-array, kunye nokusebenza okunganelanga, okunexabiso elikhulu lophando kunye nendawo.

Umfanekiso 1, usebenzisa imeko yamandla angasebenziyo ngaphakathi kwe-bandgap ye-LN njengeziko labanikeli bee-electron, ii-free charge carriers zenziwa kwi-conduction band phantsi kokukhanya okubonakalayo. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-photodetectors ze-LN zangaphambili ze-pyroelectric, ezazihlala zilinganiselwe kwisantya sokuphendula esimalunga ne-100Hz, okuIsixhobo sokubona ifoto se-LNinesantya sokuphendula esikhawulezayo esifikelela kwi-10kHz. Okwangoku, kulo msebenzi, kubonisiwe ukuba i-LN enee-magnesium ion doped inokufezekisa i-external light modulation ngempendulo efikelela kwi-10kHz. Lo msebenzi ukhuthaza uphando malunga nokusebenza okuphezulu kunyeii-photodetectors ze-LN ezikhawulezayoekwakhiweni kwee-chips ze-LN photonic ezihlanganisiweyo ezisebenza ngokupheleleyo ezine-chip enye.
Ngamafutshane, icandelo lophando lweii-photodetectors ze-lithium niobate zefilimu encinciibaluleke kakhulu kwezesayensi kwaye inokubaluleka okukhulu kokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo. Kwixesha elizayo, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nobunzulu bophando, ii-photodetectors ze-thin film lithium niobate (LN) ziya kuphuhliswa ziye kudibaniso oluphezulu. Ukudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza okuphezulu, impendulo ekhawulezayo, kunye nee-photodetectors ze-wideband thin film lithium niobate kuzo zonke iinkalo kuya kuba yinto yokwenyani, eya kukhuthaza kakhulu uphuhliso lokuhlanganiswa kwe-on-chip kunye neendawo zokuqonda ezikrelekrele, kwaye ibonelele ngamathuba amaninzi kwisizukulwana esitsha sezicelo ze-photonics.