Ii-Directional couplers zii-standard microwave/millimeter wave components kwi-microwave measurement nakwezinye iinkqubo ze-microwave. Zingasetyenziselwa ukwahlukanisa isignali, ukwahlula, kunye nokuxuba, njengokubeka esweni amandla, ukuzinzisa amandla okukhupha umthombo, ukwahlukanisa umthombo wesignali, ukudlulisa kunye nokuhlaziya i-frequency sweeping Test, njl. Yi-directional power divider, kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwi-sweep-frequency reflectometers zanamhlanje. Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ne-waveguide, i-coaxial line, i-stripline, kunye ne-microstrip.
Umfanekiso 1 ngumzobo wesakhiwo. Ngokuyintloko uquka iindawo ezimbini, umgca oyintloko kunye nomgca oncedisayo, odityaniswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zemingxunya emincinci, imingxunya, kunye nezikhewu. Ke ngoko, inxalenye yokufakelwa kwamandla ukusuka kwi-"1" kwisiphelo somgca oyintloko iya kudityaniswa nomgca wesibini. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okanye ukubekwa kwamaza ngaphezulu, amandla aya kudluliselwa kuphela kumgca wesibini - kwicala elinye (elibizwa ngokuba "phambili"), kwaye kwelinye Akukho phantse ukudluliselwa kwamandla kulandelelwano olunye (elibizwa ngokuba "ngasemva")
Umfanekiso 2 yi-coupler enqamlezileyo, enye yeeports kwi-coupler iqhagamshelwe kumthwalo ohambelanayo owakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Directional Coupler
1, kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwamandla
I-3dB directional coupler (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-3dB bridge) idla ngokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwamaza amaninzi, njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongezantsi. Olu hlobo lwesekethe luqhelekile kwiinkqubo ezisasazwa ngaphakathi. Emva kokuba imiqondiso ye-f1 kunye ne-f2 evela kwii-power amplifiers ezimbini idlule kwi-3dB directional coupler, isiphumo setshaneli nganye siqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini ze-frequency f1 kunye ne-f2, kwaye i-3dB inciphisa ubukhulu becandelo ngalinye le-frequency. Ukuba enye yee-output terminals iqhagamshelwe kumthwalo ofunxayo, enye isiphumo ingasetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wenkqubo yokulinganisa i-passive intermodulation. Ukuba ufuna ukuphucula ngakumbi i-isolation, ungongeza ezinye iinxalenye ezifana nezihluzi kunye nee-isolators. I-isolation ye-3dB bridge eyilwe kakuhle ingaba ngaphezulu kwe-33dB.
I-coupler yesikhokelo isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokudibanisa amandla.
Indawo yomgxobhozo ebhekisa kwicala elinye njengenye indlela yokusebenzisa amandla iboniswe kumfanekiso (a) ongezantsi. Kule sekethe, ulawulo lwe-coupler ebhekisa kwicala lusetyenziswe ngobuchule. Ukuba iidigri zokudibanisa ze-coupler ezimbini ziyi-10dB kwaye ulawulo luyi-25dB zombini, ukwahlulwa phakathi kweziphelo ze-f1 kunye ne-f2 yi-45dB. Ukuba ii-inputs ze-f1 kunye ne-f2 zombini ziyi-0dBm, imveliso edibeneyo yi--10dBm zombini. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-coupler ye-Wilkinson kumfanekiso (b) ongezantsi (ixabiso layo eliqhelekileyo lokuhlukaniswa yi-20dB), uphawu olufanayo lokufaka lwe-OdBm, emva kokwenziwa, kukho i--3dBm (ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ilahleko yokufakwa). Xa kuthelekiswa nemeko ye-inter-sample, sonyusa uphawu lokufaka kumfanekiso (a) nge-7dB ukuze imveliso yalo ihambelane nomfanekiso (b). Ngeli xesha, ukwahlulwa phakathi kwe-f1 kunye ne-f2 kumfanekiso (a) “kunciphisa” “Yi-38 dB. Isiphumo sokugqibela sokuthelekisa kukuba indlela yokwenziwa kwamandla e-coupler eqondisayo iphezulu nge-18dB kune-coupler yaseWilkinson. Le nkqubo ifanelekile kumlinganiselo we-intermodulation wee-amplifier ezilishumi.
Isixhobo sokudibanisa esibhekisa kwicala sisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokudibanisa amandla 2
2, esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa okuchasene nokuphazamiseka kommkeli okanye ukulinganisa okungeyonyani
Kwinkqubo yovavanyo lwe-RF kunye nokulinganisa, isekethe eboniswe kumfanekiso ongezantsi inokubonwa rhoqo. Masithi i-DUT (isixhobo okanye isixhobo esivavanywayo) sisixhobo sokwamkela. Kwimeko enjalo, isignali yokuphazamiseka kwetshaneli ekufutshane inokufakwa kwi-receiver ngesiphelo sokudibanisa se-directional coupler. Emva koko i-integrated tester eqhagamshelwe kuyo nge-directional coupler inokuvavanya ukumelana kwe-receiver—amawaka okusebenza kokuphazamiseka. Ukuba i-DUT yifowuni yeselula, i-transmitter yefowuni inokuvulwa yi-comprehensive tester eqhagamshelwe kwisiphelo sokudibanisa se-directional coupler. Emva koko i-spectrum analyzer ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isiphumo esingachanekanga sefowuni yescene. Kakade ke, ezinye ii-filter circuits kufuneka zongezwe phambi kwe-spectrum analyzer. Ekubeni lo mzekelo uxoxa kuphela ngokusetyenziswa kwee-directional couplers, i-filter circuit ayifakwanga.
Isixhumi esibhekisa kwicala sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uphazamiseko lwesamkeli okanye ukuphakama okungachanekanga kwefowuni.
Kule circuit yovavanyo, isikhokelo se-directional coupler sibaluleke kakhulu. I-spectrum analyzer eqhagamshelwe kwi-through end ifuna kuphela ukufumana isignali evela kwi-DUT kwaye ayifuni ukufumana igama eligqithisiweyo kwi-coupling end.
3, yokuvavanya nokubeka esweni isignali
Ukulinganisa nokubeka iliso kwi-intanethi kwe-transmitter kusenokuba yenye yezona zicelo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-directional couplers. Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo lusetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lwe-directional couplers zokulinganisa i-cellular base station. Masithi amandla okukhupha e-transmitter yi-43dBm (20W), i-coupling ye-directional coupler. Umthamo yi-30dB, ilahleko yokufakelwa (ukulahleka komgca kunye nelahleko ye-coupling) yi-0.15dB. Isiphelo se-coupling sinesignali ye-13dBm (20mW) ethunyelwe kwi-base station tester, i-output ngqo ye-directional coupler yi-42.85dBm (19.3W), kwaye ukuvuza kuxhomekeke kumthwalo. Amandla kwicala elihlukanisiweyo afunxwa ngumthwalo.
Isixhumi esibhekisa kwicala sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa isiseko sesitishi.
Phantse zonke iitransmitter zisebenzisa le ndlela yokuvavanya nokubeka esweni kwi-intanethi, kwaye mhlawumbi le ndlela kuphela enokuqinisekisa uvavanyo lokusebenza kwetransmitter phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uvavanyo lwetransmitter lufana, kwaye abavavanyi abahlukeneyo baneengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Ukuthatha izikhululo zesiseko zeWCDMA njengomzekelo, abaqhubi kufuneka banikele ingqalelo kwizalathisi ezikwibhendi yabo yokusebenza rhoqo (2110 ~ 2170MHz), njengomgangatho wesignali, amandla angaphakathi kwitshaneli, amandla etshaneli akufutshane, njl. Phantsi kwesi sizathu, abavelisi baya kufakela kwisiphelo sesiphumo sesikhululo sesiseko i-narrowband (efana ne-2110 ~ 2170MHz) i-directional coupler ukujonga iimeko zokusebenza kwetransmitter ngaphakathi kwitshaneli kwaye bayithumele kwiziko lolawulo nangaliphi na ixesha.
Ukuba ngumlawuli we-radio frequency spectrum - isikhululo sokujonga irediyo ukuvavanya izalathisi zesikhululo se-soft base, ingqwalasela yaso yahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Ngokweemfuno zolawulo lwerediyo, uluhlu lwemvamisa yovavanyo lwandiswe ukuya kwi-9kHz ~ 12.75GHz, kwaye isikhululo sesiseko esivavanyiweyo sibanzi kakhulu. Ingakanani imitha engachanekanga eya kuveliswa kwibhendi yemvamisa kwaye iphazamise ukusebenza rhoqo kwezinye izikhululo zesiseko? Ingxaki yezikhululo zokujonga irediyo. Okwangoku, kufuneka i-directional coupler ene-bandwidth efanayo ukuze kuthathwe isampuli yesignali, kodwa i-directional coupler enokufikelela kwi-9kHz ~ 12.75GHz ayibonakali ikhona. Siyazi ukuba ubude bengalo yokudibanisa ye-directional coupler bunxulumene nemvamisa yayo esembindini. I-bandwidth ye-ultra-wideband coupler ekhokelela kwicala inokufikelela kwiibhendi ze-5-6 octave, ezifana ne-0.5-18GHz, kodwa i-frequency band engaphantsi kwe-500MHz ayinakugutyungelwa.
4, umlinganiselo wamandla kwi-intanethi
Kwiteknoloji yokulinganisa amandla ngohlobo oluthile, i-directional coupler sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu. Lo mfanekiso ulandelayo ubonisa umzobo wesicwangciso senkqubo eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa amandla aphezulu. Amandla angaphambili avela kwi-amplifier phantsi koVavanyo athathwa isampuli ngesiphelo se-forward coupling (isiphelo sesi-3) se-directional coupler aze athunyelwe kwimitha yamandla. Amandla abonakalisiweyo athathwa isampuli yi-reverse coupling terminal (isiphelo sesi-4) aze athunyelwe kwimitha yamandla.
Isixhobo sokudibanisa esibhekisa kwicala sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla aphezulu.
Nceda uqaphele: Ukongeza ekufumaneni amandla abonakalisiweyo avela kumthwalo, i-terminal yokudibanisa ebuyela umva (i-terminal 4) ikwafumana amandla okuvuza ukusuka kwicala eliya phambili (i-terminal 1), okubangelwa kukuqondisa kwe-coupler ebhekisa kwicala. Amandla abonakalisiweyo yiloo nto umvavanyi anethemba lokuyilinganisa, kwaye amandla okuvuza ngumthombo oyintloko weempazamo kumlinganiselo wamandla abonakalisiweyo. Amandla abonakalisiweyo kunye namandla okuvuza abekwe ngaphezulu kwesiphelo sokudibanisa esibuyela umva (iziphelo ezi-4) aze athunyelwe kwimitha yamandla. Ekubeni iindlela zokudlulisela zeempawu ezimbini zahlukile, yi-vector superposition. Ukuba igalelo lamandla okuvuza kwimitha yamandla linokuthelekiswa namandla abonakalisiweyo, liya kuvelisa impazamo enkulu yokulinganisa.
Kakade ke, amandla abonakalisiweyo avela kumthwalo (isiphelo sesi-2) aya kuvuza aye kwisiphelo sokudibanisa phambili (isiphelo soku-1, esingaboniswanga kumfanekiso ongentla). Sekunjalo, ubukhulu bawo buncinci xa buthelekiswa namandla angaphambili, alinganisa amandla angaphambili. Impazamo ephumayo inokungahoywa.
I-Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. ekwi "Silicon Valley" yaseTshayina – iBeijing Zhongguancun, lishishini elinobuchwepheshe obuphezulu elizinikele ekukhonzeni amaziko ophando asekhaya nangaphandle, amaziko ophando, iiyunivesithi kunye nabasebenzi bophando lwezesayensi kwishishini. Inkampani yethu ibandakanyeka kakhulu kuphando oluzimeleyo nophuhliso, uyilo, imveliso, ukuthengiswa kweemveliso ze-optoelectronic, kwaye ibonelela ngezisombululo ezintsha kunye neenkonzo zobungcali, ezenzelwe wena kubaphandi bezesayensi kunye neenjineli zemizi-mveliso. Emva kweminyaka yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngokuzimeleyo, yenze uthotho lweemveliso ze-photoelectric ezityebileyo nezigqibeleleyo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini kamasipala, emkhosini, kwezothutho, kumandla ombane, kwezemali, kwimfundo, kwezonyango nakwamanye amashishini.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-20-2023