Iimpawu eziphambili ze-laser

Eyonaiimpawu ze-laser

Isizukulwana sikaiileyizaIngcamango "yokukhanya okuzenzekelayo nokukhuthazwayo" eyacetyiswa nguEinstein ngo-1916 sisiseko esibonakalayo sezinto zanamhlanjeinkqubo yelaserUkusebenzisana phakathi kwee-photon kunye neeathom kunokubangela iintlobo ezintathu zeenkqubo zotshintsho: ukufunxwa okukhuthazwayo, ukukhutshwa okuzenzekelayo, kunye nokukhutshwa okukhuthazwayo.

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-laser zezi:

1. Ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo: Ekubeni kuphela ngumqadi wokukhanya osasazekayo ecaleni kwe-axis yomngxuma ojikelezayo onokwenza i-oscillation kunye ne-amplization eqhubekayo, i-laser output evela kwi-laser ine-Angle encinci yokwahlukana kunye nolwalathiso oluhle kakhulu, okwenza ukuba ibe ngumthombo wokukhanya ohambelanayo ofanelekileyo.

2. Ukukhanya okuphezulu: Ngenxa yokuba ijolise kakuhle, amandla elaser agxile kakhulu esibhakabhakeni, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe namandla aphezulu kakhulu. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngokubanzi kumalunga ne-100W/cm². Ukukhanya okukhulu kwelaser ye-helium-neon enamandla ee-milliwatts ezininzi kunokuba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokukhanya kwelanga. Ilaser esebenza kwi-pulsed

Indlela inokuba nokukhanya okuphezulu ngokuphindwe kayi-107 ukuya kwi-1014 kunokukhanya kwelanga.

3. I-monochromaticity elungileyo: Ngenxa yokuba ii-photon eziveliswa yimitha evuselelweyo zine-frequency efanayo kwaye zithintelwe yi-resonant cavity, ukukhanya kuphela kwe-definite wavelength okunokutshintshatshintsha kwaye kuphume. Ke ngoko, ii-laser zine-monochromaticity egqwesileyo.

4. Ukuhambelana kakuhle: Ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo okuveliswa yimitha ezenzekelayo kukukhanya okungahambelaniyo, ngelixa iimpawu zokukhanya okukhutshwa yimitha evuselelweyo zenza ukuba ii-laser zibe nokuhambelana okuhle. Ezi mpawu zine ziphambili zibonelela ngeendlela ezintsha zokuxilonga kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuqaphela imifanekiso kwezonyango nakwibhayoloji.

Iingozi ze-laser kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko

Umonakalo onokubakho onokwenziwa ziilaser emzimbeni womntu unokwahlulwahlulwa ube ziindidi ezimbini. Uhlobo olunye lomonakalo othe ngqo, oko kukuthi, ukukhanya kwemitha yeelaser okugqitha umda wokhuseleko kubangela umonakalo emehlweni, eluswini, kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo nakwizitho zangaphakathi. Olunye udidi lubungozi obungathanga ngqo obubangelwa zizinto ezifana nombane ophezulu, ingxolo, iifriji ezishushu kakhulu kunye nemithombo yamandla. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo: ukubeka esweni nokulawula inkqubo yelaser kunye nendawo yokusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko lomntu.