Iifotoniki zeSiliconizinto ezingasebenziyo
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezingasebenziyo kwi-silicon photonics. Enye yezi yi-surface-emitting grating coupler, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1A. Iqulathe i-grating enamandla kwi-waveguide enexesha elilingana nobude be-wave yokukhanya kwi-waveguide. Oku kuvumela ukukhanya ukuba kukhutshwe okanye kufumaneke kuthe nkqo kumphezulu, okwenza kube kuhle kwiimilinganiselo ze-wafer-level kunye/okanye ukudibanisa kwi-fiber. Ii-grating couplers zahlukile kwii-silicon photonics kuba zifuna i-high vertical index contrast. Umzekelo, ukuba uzama ukwenza i-grating coupler kwi-waveguide ye-InP eqhelekileyo, ukukhanya kuvuza ngqo kwi-substrate endaweni yokuba kukhutshwe ngokuthe nkqo kuba i-grating waveguide ine-avareji ye-refractive index ephantsi kune-substrate. Ukuze isebenze kwi-InP, izinto kufuneka zimbiwe phantsi kwe-grating ukuze zixhonywe, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1B.
Umfanekiso 1: ii-grating couplers ezikhupha umphezulu one-dimensional grating kwi-silicon (A) kunye ne-InP (B). Kwi-(A), i-grey kunye ne-blue ekhanyayo zimela i-silicon kunye ne-silica, ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwi-(B), i-red kunye ne-orenji zimela i-InGaAsP kunye ne-InP, ngokwahlukeneyo. Imifanekiso (C) kunye ne-(D) zi-scanning electron microscope (SEM) imifanekiso ye-InP suspended cantilever grating coupler.
Elinye icandelo eliphambili yi-spot-size converter (SSC) phakathi kwe-isikhokelo samaza esibonakalayokunye nefayibha, eguqula indlela emalunga ne-0.5 × 1 μm2 kwi-silicon waveguide ibe yindlela emalunga ne-10 × 10 μm2 kwi-fiber. Indlela eqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa isakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-inverse taper, apho i-waveguide incipha kancinci kancinci ibe yincam encinci, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni okukhulu kwei-opticalipetshi yemowudi. Le mowudi inokubanjwa yi-waveguide yeglasi exhonyiweyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Nge-SSC enjalo, ukulahleka kokudibanisa okungaphantsi kwe-1.5dB kufezekiswa ngokulula.
Umfanekiso 2: Isiguquli sobungakanani bepateni see-waveguides ze-silicon wire. Izinto ze-silicon zenza isakhiwo esijikelezileyo ngaphakathi kwe-waveguides yeglasi exhonyiweyo. I-silicon substrate ikroliwe phantsi kwe-waveguides yeglasi exhonyiweyo.
Inxalenye ephambili ye-passive yi-polarization beam splitter. Eminye imizekelo ye-polarization splitters iboniswe kuMfanekiso 3. Eyokuqala yi-Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI), apho ingalo nganye ine-birefringence eyahlukileyo. Eyesibini yi-coupler elula eqondisa icala. I-birefringence yesimo se-waveguide eqhelekileyo ye-silicon wire iphezulu kakhulu, ngoko ke ukukhanya kwe-transverse magnetic (TM) polarized kunokudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa ukukhanya kwe-transverse electrical (TE) polarized kunokungadibani. Eyesithathu yi-grating coupler, apho i-fiber ibekwa kwi-Angle ukuze ukukhanya kwe-TE polarized kudibaniswe kwicala elinye kwaye ukukhanya kwe-TM polarized kudibaniswe kwelinye. Eyesine yi-two-dimensional grating coupler. Ii-fibre modes ezine-electric fields ezithe nkqo kwicala lokusasazeka kwe-waveguide zidibaniswe ne-waveguide ehambelanayo. I-fiber inokuthambekiswa kwaye idibaniswe ne-waveguides ezimbini, okanye i-perpendicular kumphezulu kwaye idibaniswe ne-waveguides ezine. Enye inzuzo eyongezelelweyo yee-two-dimensional grating couplers kukuba zisebenza njengee-polarization rotators, oko kuthetha ukuba zonke izikhanyiso kwi-chip zine-polarization efanayo, kodwa kusetyenziswa ii-orthogonal polarizations ezimbini kwi-fiber.
Umfanekiso 3: Iziqhekeza ezininzi ze-polarization.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-16-2024