Unxibelelwano lwe-quantum: iimolekyuli, ii-rare earths kunye ne-optical

I-Quantum information technology yiteknoloji entsha yolwazi esekelwe kwi-quantum mechanics, ebhala, ibale kwaye idlulise ulwazi oluphathekayo oluqulethwe kwiinkqubo ye-quantumUphuhliso nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yolwazi lwe-quantum kuya kusizisa "kwixesha le-quantum", size siqonde ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, iindlela zonxibelelwano ezikhuselekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila elula neluhlaza.

Ukusebenza kakuhle konxibelelwano phakathi kweenkqubo ze-quantum kuxhomekeke kubuchule bazo bokusebenzisana nokukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, kunzima kakhulu ukufumana izinto ezinokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iimpawu ze-quantum ze-optical.

Kutshanje, iqela lophando kwi-Institute of Chemistry eParis kunye neKarlsruhe Institute of Technology zibonise amandla e-molecule crystal esekelwe kwi-rare earth europium ions (Eu³ +) kwizicelo kwiinkqubo ze-quantum ze-optical. Bafumanise ukuba ukukhutshwa komgca omxinwa kakhulu wale crystal ye-molecular ye-Eu³ + kwenza ukuba kubekho ukusebenzisana okusebenzayo nokukhanya kwaye kunexabiso elibalulekileyo kuunxibelelwano lwe-quantumkunye ne-quantum computing.

Umfanekiso 1: Unxibelelwano lwe-quantum olusekelwe kwiikristale zemolekyuli ze-europium ezingaqhelekanga

Iimeko zeQuantum zinokubekwa ngaphezulu, ngoko ke ulwazi lweQuantum lunokubekwa ngaphezulu. IQubit enye inokumela ngaxeshanye iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemeko ezahlukeneyo phakathi kuka-0 no-1, okuvumela idatha ukuba icutshungulwe ngaxeshanye kwiibhetshi. Ngenxa yoko, amandla ekhompyutha yeQuantum aya kwanda kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neekhompyutha zedijithali zemveli. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yokubala, i-superposition yeQubits kufuneka ikwazi ukuqhubeka ixesha elide. Kwi-quantum mechanics, eli xesha lokuzinza laziwa njengobomi bokubambisana. I-nuclear spins yeemolekyuli ezintsonkothileyo inokufikelela kwiimeko ze-superposition ngobomi obude obomileyo kuba impembelelo yendalo kwi-nuclear spins ikhuselwe ngempumelelo.

Ii-ions zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga kunye neekristale zemolekyuli ziinkqubo ezimbini ezisetyenzisiweyo kwitekhnoloji ye-quantum. Ii-ions zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga zineempawu ezibalaseleyo zokukhanya kunye nokujikeleza, kodwa kunzima ukuzidibanisaizixhobo ezibonakalayoKulula ukuzidibanisa iikristale zemolekyuli, kodwa kunzima ukuseka unxibelelwano oluthembekileyo phakathi kokujikeleza kunye nokukhanya kuba iibhendi zokukhupha zibanzi kakhulu.

Iikristale zemolekyuli ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaba eziphuhliswe kulo msebenzi zidibanisa kakuhle iingenelo zazo zombini kuba, phantsi kokuvuselelwa kwelaser, i-Eu³ + inokukhupha iiphoton ezithwele ulwazi malunga nokujikeleza kwenyukliya. Ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo oluthile lwelaser, ujongano olusebenzayo lwe-optical/nuclear spin lunokuveliswa. Ngesi siseko, abaphandi bafumanise ngakumbi ukuba inqanaba le-nuclear spin lijongene njani, ukugcinwa okuhlangeneyo kweephoton, kunye nokwenziwa komsebenzi wokuqala we-quantum.

Ukuze kubekho i-quantum computing esebenzayo, kufuneka ii-qubits ezininzi ezidibeneyo. Abaphandi babonise ukuba i-Eu³ + kwiikristale zemolekyuli ezingentla inokufezekisa ukuxinana kwe-quantum ngokusebenzisa i-stray electric field coupling, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lwe-quantum. Ngenxa yokuba iikristale zemolekyuli ziqulethe ii-ions ezininzi ze-rare earth, ubuninzi be-qubit bunokufezekiswa.

Enye imfuneko yokubala i-quantum kukwazi ukuba i-qubits nganye ikwazi ukubhekisa kwi-intanethi. Indlela yokujonga i-optical addressing kulo msebenzi inokuphucula isantya sokufunda kwaye ithintele ukuphazamiseka kwesignali yesekethe. Xa kuthelekiswa nezifundo zangaphambili, ukuhambelana kwe-optical kweekristale ze-molecular ze-Eu³ + ezixelwe kulo msebenzi kuphuculwe malunga newaka, ukuze i-nuclear spin states ikwazi ukuguqulwa ngendlela ethile.

Imiqondiso ye-optical ikwafanelekile ekusasazweni kolwazi lwe-quantum olukude ukuze kuqhagamshelwe iikhompyutha ze-quantum kunxibelelwano lwe-quantum olukude. Kungaqwalaselwa ngakumbi ukuhlanganiswa kweekristale ezintsha ze-Eu³ + molecular kwisakhiwo se-photonic ukuphucula isignali ekhanyayo. Lo msebenzi usebenzisa iimolekyuli zomhlaba ezingaqhelekanga njengesiseko se-quantum Internet, kwaye uthatha inyathelo elibalulekileyo eliya kwizakhiwo zonxibelelwano lwe-quantum zexesha elizayo.