Imigaqo kunye neentlobo zelaser

Imigaqo kunye neentlobo zeileza
Yintoni i-laser?
I-LASER (Ukukhulisa Ukukhanya Ngokukhutshwa Kwemitha Okukhuthazwayo); Ukuze ufumane umbono ongcono, jonga umfanekiso ongezantsi:

I-athomu ekwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla itshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo iye kwinqanaba eliphantsi lamandla ize ikhuphe i-photon, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-spontaneous radiation.
I-Popularity ingaqondwa ngolu hlobo: ibhola emhlabeni yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo, xa ibhola ityhalelwa emoyeni ngamandla angaphandle (abizwa ngokuba yi-pumping), xa amandla angaphandle enyamalala, ibhola iyawa isuka kwindawo ephakamileyo, ize ikhuphe amandla athile. Ukuba ibhola yi-atom ethile, loo atom ikhupha i-photon yobude be-wavelength ethile ngexesha lotshintsho.

Ulwahlulo lwee-laser
Abantu baye bafunda umgaqo wokuvelisa i-laser, baqala ukuphuhlisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-laser, ukuba ngokwezixhobo zokusebenza ze-laser ukuze bahlele, zingahlulwa zibe yi-laser yegesi, i-laser eqinileyo, i-laser ye-semiconductor, njl.
1, udidi lwe-laser yegesi: i-athomu, imolekyuli, i-ion;
Into esebenzayo yelaser yegesi yigesi okanye umphunga wesinyithi, obonakaliswa luluhlu olubanzi lwemveliso yelaser. Eyona ixhaphakileyo yilaser yeCO2, apho iCO2 isetyenziswa njengento esebenzayo ukuvelisa ilaser ye-infrared ye-10.6um ngokuvusa ukukhutshwa kombane.
Ngenxa yokuba into esebenzayo yelaser yegesi yigesi, ulwakhiwo lulonke lwelaser lukhulu kakhulu, kwaye ubude bomphumo welaser yegesi bude kakhulu, ukusebenza kwezinto akukuhle. Ke ngoko, iilaser zegesi zasuswa ngokukhawuleza kwimarike, kwaye zasetyenziswa kuphela kwiindawo ezithile ezithile, ezifana nokuphawula ngelaser kwiindawo ezithile zeplastiki.
2, i-laser eqinileyoudidi: irubhi, i-Nd:YAG, njl.njl.;
Izinto ezisebenzayo ze-laser ye-solid state yi-ruby, i-neodymium glass, i-Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), njl.njl., elinani elincinci lee-ion ezifakwe ngokulinganayo kwi-crystal okanye kwiglasi yento njenge-matrix, ebizwa ngokuba yi-active ions.
I-laser yesimo esiqinileyo yenziwe yinto esebenzayo, inkqubo yokumpompa, i-resonator kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa nokucoca. Isikwere esimnyama esiphakathi komfanekiso ongezantsi yikristale yelaser, ebonakala njengeglasi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo kwaye inekristale ecacileyo exutywe neentsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Lulwakhiwo olukhethekileyo lwe-athomu yesinyithi yomhlaba enqabileyo eyenza i-particle population inversion xa ikhanyiswa ngumthombo wokukhanya (qonda nje ukuba iibhola ezininzi emhlabeni zityhalelwa emoyeni), ize ikhuphe iiphoton xa ii-particles zitshintsha, kwaye xa inani leephoton lanele, ukwakheka kwelaser. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-laser ekhutshiweyo ikhutshwa kwicala elinye, kukho izibuko ezipheleleyo (ilensi yasekhohlo) kunye nezibuko zokukhupha ezibonisa ukukhanya (ilensi yasekunene). Xa i-laser iphuma kwaye emva koko ngoyilo oluthile lwe-optical, ukwakheka kwamandla elaser.

3, i-laser ye-semiconductor
Xa kufikwa kwiileyiza ze-semiconductor, inokuqondwa ngokulula njenge-photodiode, kukho i-PN junction kwi-diode, kwaye xa kongezwa umsinga othile, utshintsho lwe-elektroniki kwi-semiconductor lwenziwa ukuze kukhutshwe ii-photons, nto leyo ebangela i-laser. Xa amandla e-laser akhutshwa yi-semiconductor emancinci, isixhobo se-semiconductor esinamandla aphantsi singasetyenziswa njengomthombo wepompo (umthombo wokuvuselela) wei-laser yefayibha, ngoko ke i-fiber laser iyakhiwa. Ukuba amandla e-semiconductor laser anyuswa ngakumbi kangangokuba anokuphuma ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, iba yi-direct semiconductor laser. Okwangoku, ii-direct semiconductor lasers ezikwimarike zifikelele kwinqanaba le-10,000-watts.

Ukongeza kwezi laser zininzi zingasentla, abantu baye basungula iilaser ezingamanzi, ezaziwa ngokuba ziilaser zamafutha. Iilaser ezingamanzi ziyinkimbinkimbi ngobuninzi nangezinto ezisebenzayo kunezo ziqinileyo kwaye azisetyenziswa rhoqo.