Imigaqo kunye neentlobo ze-laser

Imigaqo kunye neendidi zelaser
Yintoni i-laser?
I-LASER(Ukwandiswa koKhanya ngokuPhumeza okuKhanyayo kweMitha) ; Ukufumana umbono ongcono, jonga lo mfanekiso ungezantsi:

Iathomu ekwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla ngokuzenzekela itshintshela kwinqanaba elisezantsi lamandla ize ikhuphe iphoton, inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yimitha ezenzekelayo.
Ukuthandwa kunokuqondwa njenge: ibhola emhlabeni yindawo yayo efanelekileyo kakhulu, xa ibhola iphonswa emoyeni ngamandla angaphandle (okubizwa ngokuba yipompa), umzuzu amandla angaphandle ayanyamalala, ibhola liwela ukusuka kwindawo ephakamileyo, kwaye likhupha. umlinganiselo othile wamandla. Ukuba ibhola i-athomu ethile, ke loo atom ikhupha ifoton yobude obuthile ngexesha lotshintsho.

Ukuhlelwa kweelaser
Abantu baye bafunda umgaqo wesizukulwana se-laser, baqala ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-laser, ukuba ngokuhambelana nezixhobo zokusebenza ze-laser ukuhlula, zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-laser yegesi, i-laser eqinile, i-semiconductor laser, njl.
1, ukuhlelwa kwegesi laser: iathom, imolekyuli, i-ion;
Into esebenzayo yelaser yegesi yirhasi okanye umphunga wesinyithi, obonakaliswa luluhlu olubanzi lwamaza okukhutshwa kwelaser. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yi-CO2 laser, apho i-CO2 isetyenziswa njengento esebenzayo ukuvelisa i-laser ye-infrared ye-10.6um ngokukhupha ukukhutshwa kombane.
Ngenxa yokuba into esebenzayo ye-laser yegesi yigesi, ubume belaser bubonke bukhulu kakhulu, kwaye i-wavelength ye-laser yegesi inde kakhulu, ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli akulunganga. Ke ngoko, iilaser zerhasi zapheliswa ngokukhawuleza kwimarike, kwaye zasetyenziswa kuphela kwiindawo ezithile ezithile, njengokumakishwa kwelaser kumacandelo athile eplastiki.
2, i-laser eqinileukuhlelwa: irubhi, Nd:YAG, njl.;
Izinto zokusebenza ze-laser yombuso oqinileyo yi-ruby, iglasi ye-neodymium, i-Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), njl., Yincinci encinci ye-ion efakwe ngokufanayo kwi-crystal okanye iglasi yezinto eziphathekayo njenge-matrix, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ion esebenzayo.
I-laser-state eqinile iqulunqwe yinto esebenzayo, inkqubo yokupompa, i-resonator kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa kunye nokucoca.Isikwere esimnyama esiphakathi komfanekiso ongezantsi i-crystal crystal, ebonakala ngathi iglasi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo kwaye iqulathe ikristale transparent kunye neentsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo. Sisakhiwo esikhethekileyo se-athom yesinyithi yomhlaba enqabileyo eyenza inversion yabantu besuntswana xa ikhanyiselwa ngumthombo wokukhanya (uqonde ngokulula ukuba iibhola ezininzi emhlabeni zityhalwa emoyeni), kwaye zikhupha iiphotons xa utshintsho lwamasuntswana, kwaye xa inani leefotoni lanele, ukubunjwa kwe-laser.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-laser ekhutshwayo iphuma kwicala elinye, kukho izibuko ezipheleleyo (i-lens ekhohlo) kunye nezibuko ze-semi-reflective output (i-lens ekunene). Xa imveliso laser kwaye ngoko ngoyilo oluthile optical, ukubunjwa amandla laser.

3, semiconductor laser
Xa kuziwa kwi-lasemiconductor lasers, inokuqondwa ngokulula njenge-photodiode, kukho i-PN junction kwi-diode, kwaye xa i-current ethile yongezwa, i-electronic transition kwi-semiconductor yenziwe ukukhulula i-photons, okubangela i-laser. Xa amandla e-laser akhutshwe yi-semiconductor encinci, isixhobo se-semiconductor samandla aphantsi sinokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wempompo (umthombo wovuselelo) weifayibha laser, ngoko i-fiber laser yenziwa. Ukuba amandla e-laser semiconductor anyuka ngakumbi ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba anokuthi aphume ngokuthe ngqo ekuqhubeni izixhobo, iba yi-laser semiconductor ngqo. Okwangoku, iilaser ze-semiconductor ezithe ngqo kwimarike zifikelele kwinqanaba le-10,000-watt.

Ukongeza kwezi lasers zingentla, abantu baye baqulunqa iilaser zolwelo, ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziilaser zamafutha. Iilaser zolwelo zintsonkothe ​​ngakumbi kumthamo kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo kuneziqina kwaye azifane zisetyenziswe.