Umgaqo wokupholisa nge-laser kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiiathom ezibandayo
Kwifiziksi ye-atom ebandayo, umsebenzi omninzi wovavanyo ufuna ukulawula amasuntswana (ukuvala ii-athomu ze-ionic, ezifana neewotshi ze-athomu), ukuzicothisa, kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka kokulinganisa. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-laser, ukupholisa nge-laser kuqalile ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-athomu ezibandayo.
Kwisikali seathomu, intsingiselo yobushushu sisantya apho amasuntswana ahamba khona. Ukupholisa ngelaser kukusetyenziswa kweephoton kunye neeathom ukutshintshana ngamandla, ngaloo ndlela kupholiswa iiathom. Umzekelo, ukuba iathom inesantya esiphambili, ize ifunxe iphoton ebhabhayo ehamba kwicala elichaseneyo, isantya sayo siya kuncipha. Oku kufana nebhola eqengqeleka phambili engceni, ukuba ayityhalwa ngamanye amandla, iya kuma ngenxa "yokuxhathisa" okubangelwa kukudibana nengca.
Oku kukupholisa iiathom nge-laser, kwaye le nkqubo ngumjikelo. Kwaye kungenxa yalo mjikelo ukuba iiathom ziqhubeke ziphola.
Kule nto, eyona ndlela ilula yokupholisa kukusebenzisa isiphumo seDoppler.
Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iiathom ezinokupholiswa zii-laser, kwaye kufuneka kufunyanwe "utshintsho olujikelezayo" phakathi kwamanqanaba eeathom ukuze kufezekiswe oku. Kuphela ngotshintsho olujikelezayo apho ukupholisa kungenziwa khona kwaye kuqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo.
Okwangoku, ngenxa yokuba i-atom yesinyithi ye-alkali (efana ne-Na) ine-electron enye kuphela kumaleko wangaphandle, kwaye ii-electron ezimbini kumaleko wangaphandle weqela lomhlaba we-alkali (efana ne-Sr) nazo zinokuthathwa njengezo zizonke, amanqanaba amandla ezi atoms zimbini alula kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukufikelela "kutshintsho olujikelezayo", ngoko ke ii-athomu ezipholiswa ngabantu ngoku zii-athomu zesinyithi ze-alkali ezilula okanye ii-athomu zomhlaba ze-alkali.
Umgaqo wokupholisa nge-laser kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiiathom ezibandayo
Ixesha lokuposa: Juni-25-2023