Umgaqo wokupholisa i-laser kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwii-athomu ezibandayo

Umgaqo wokupholisa i-laser kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwii-athomu ezibandayo

Kwifiziksi yeathom ebandayo, umsebenzi omninzi wovavanyo ufuna ukulawula amasuntswana (ukuvalela iiathomu zeathom, ezinjengewotshi yeathom), uzithobe isantya, kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka komlinganiselo. Ngophuhliso lobuchwephesha belaser, ukupholisa kwelaser kukwaqalisile ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiathom ezibandayo.

Kwisikali seathom, undoqo wobushushu sisantya apho amasuntswana ahamba. Ukupholisa ngeLaser kukusetyenziswa kweefotoni kunye neeathom ukutshintshiselana ngesantya, ngaloo ndlela ukupholisa iiathom. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-athomu ine-velocity eya phambili, kwaye emva koko ifunxa ifoton ephaphazelayo ehamba kwelinye icala, ngoko isantya sayo siya kuthotha. Oku kufana nebhola eqengqelekayo engceni, ukuba ayityhalwanga ngamanye amandla, iya kuyeka ngenxa “yokumelana” okuziswa kukudibana nengca.

Oku kukupholisa ngelaser kweeathom, kwaye inkqubo ingumjikelo. Kwaye kungenxa yalo mjikelo ukuba iiathom zihlala ziphola phantsi.

Kule nto, ukupholisa okulula kukusebenzisa i-Doppler effect.

Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iiathom ezinokupholiswa zii-lasers, kwaye "inguqu ye-cyclic" kufuneka ifunyanwe phakathi kwamanqanaba e-athomu ukufezekisa oku. Kuphela kungotshintsho lwebhayisekile apho ukupholisa kunokufezekiswa kwaye kuqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo.

Okwangoku, ngenxa yokuba i-athom yesinyithi yealkali (njenge-Na) ineelektroni enye kuphela kumaleko angaphandle, kunye nee-electron ezimbini kumaleko angaphandle eqela lomhlaba lealkali (ezifana ne-Sr) nazo zinokujongwa zizonke, amandla. Amanqanaba ezi athom zimbini alula kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukufikelela "inguqu ye-cyclic", ngoko ke iiathom ezipholiswa ngabantu ubukhulu becala ziiathom zesinyithi zealkali okanye iiathom zomhlaba zealkali.

Umgaqo wokupholisa i-laser kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwii-athomu ezibandayo