Iindlela zokudibanisa i-optical kunye nomtshato wazo kwi-on-chip: uphononongo

Iindlela zokudibanisa i-optical kunye nomtshato wazo kwi-on-chip kunyeunxibelelwano lwefayibha ye-opticaluphononongo

Iindlela zokusebenzisa i-optical multiplexing zizinto ezingxamisekileyo zophando, kwaye iingcali kwihlabathi liphela zenza uphando olunzulu kweli candelo. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, iiteknoloji ezininzi ze-multiplex ezifana ne-wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), i-mode division multiplexing (MDM), i-space division multiplexing (SDM), i-polarization multiplexing (PDM) kunye ne-orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) ziye zacetyiswa. Itekhnoloji ye-Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ivumela imiqondiso emibini okanye ngaphezulu ye-optical yee-wavelengths ezahlukeneyo ukuba idluliselwe ngaxeshanye nge-fiber enye, isebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iimpawu ze-fiber eziphantsi zokulahleka kuluhlu olukhulu lwe-wavelength. Le ngcamango yaqala ukucetyiswa nguDelange ngo-1970, kwaye kwaqala ngo-1977 apho uphando olusisiseko lwetekhnoloji ye-WDM lwaqala khona, olwalugxile ekusetyenzisweni kwenethiwekhi zonxibelelwano. Ukususela ngoko, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweifayibha ye-optical, umthombo wokukhanya, isixhobo sokubona iifotonakwezinye iindawo, uphando lwabantu ngetekhnoloji ye-WDM nalo luye lwakhawuleza. Inzuzo ye-polarization multiplexing (PDM) kukuba ubungakanani bokudluliselwa kwesignali bunokuphinda-phindwa, kuba imiqondiso emibini ezimeleyo inokusasazwa kwindawo ye-orthogonal polarization yokukhanya okufanayo, kwaye iziteshi ezimbini ze-polarization zahlulwe kwaye zichongwe ngokuzimeleyo kwisiphelo sokwamkela.

Njengoko imfuno yamazinga aphezulu edatha iqhubeka ikhula, inqanaba lokugqibela lenkululeko ye-multiplexing, isithuba, liye lafundwa ngokunzulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Phakathi kwazo, i-mode division multiplexing (MDM) iveliswa kakhulu zii-N transmitters, eziqatshelwa yi-spatial mode multiplexer. Okokugqibela, isignali exhaswa yi-spatial mode idluliselwa kwi-low-mode fiber. Ngexesha lokusasazeka kwesignali, zonke iindlela ezikwi-wavelength efanayo ziphathwa njengeyunithi ye-Space Division multiplexing (SDM) super channel, oko kukuthi ziyandiswa, zincitshiswe kwaye zongezwa ngaxeshanye, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukufezekisa ukucubungula imo eyahlukileyo. Kwi-MDM, ii-spatial contours ezahlukeneyo (oko kukuthi, iimilo ezahlukeneyo) zepateni zinikwa iitshaneli ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, itshaneli ithunyelwa phezu kwe-laser beam emile njengonxantathu, isikwere, okanye isangqa. Iimilo ezisetyenziswa yi-MDM kwizicelo zehlabathi lokwenyani ziyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kwaye zineempawu ezizodwa zezibalo kunye nezomzimba. Le teknoloji mhlawumbi yeyona nkqubela phambili iguqukayo ekudlulisweni kwedatha ye-fiber optic ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Itekhnoloji ye-MDM ibonelela ngecebo elitsha lokusebenzisa iitshaneli ezingaphezulu kunye nokwandisa umthamo wekhonkco kusetyenziswa i-single wavelength carrier. I-Orbital angular momentum (OAM) luphawu olubonakalayo lwamaza e-electromagnetic apho indlela yokusasazeka imiselwa yi-helical phase wavefront. Ekubeni olu phawu lungasetyenziselwa ukuseka iitshaneli ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, i-wireless orbital angular momentum multiplexing (OAMM) inokunyusa ngempumelelo izinga lokudluliselwa kwiitransmissions eziphezulu ukuya kwindawo (ezifana ne-wireless backhaul okanye i-forward).