Intshayelelo, uhlobo lokubala i-photonisixhobo sokubona ifoto esithe ngqo se-avalanche
Itekhnoloji yokubala i-photon inokwandisa ngokupheleleyo isignali ye-photon ukuze yoyise ingxolo yokufunda yezixhobo ze-elektroniki, kwaye irekhode inani lee-photon ezikhutshwa yi-detector kwixesha elithile ngokusebenzisa iimpawu zendalo ezicacileyo zesignali yombane ephuma kwi-detector phantsi kokukhanya okubuthathaka, kwaye ibale ulwazi lwethagethi elinganisiweyo ngokwexabiso lemitha ye-photon. Ukuze kufezekiswe ukufunyanwa kokukhanya okubuthathaka kakhulu, iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezinokukwazi ukubona i-photon ziye zafundwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo. I-photodiode ye-avalanche yesimo esiqinileyo (Isixhobo sokubona ifoto se-APD) sisixhobo esisebenzisa isiphumo sangaphakathi se-photoelectric ukuze sifumane imiqondiso yokukhanya. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo ze-vacuum, izixhobo ze-solid-state zinezibonelelo ezicacileyo kwisantya sokuphendula, ukubala okumnyama, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ubungakanani kunye novakalelo lwe-magnetic field, njl. Oososayensi benze uphando olusekelwe kwitekhnoloji yokubala i-photon ye-solid-state APD.
Isixhobo sokubona ifoto se-APDIne-Geiger mode (GM) kunye ne-linear mode (LM) ezimbini ezisebenzayo, itekhnoloji yokufota yokubala i-APD yangoku isebenzisa kakhulu isixhobo se-Geiger mode APD. Izixhobo ze-Geiger mode APD zinovakalelo oluphezulu kwinqanaba le-single photon kunye nesantya esiphezulu sempendulo yamashumi ee-nanoseconds ukuze zifumane ukuchaneka kwexesha eliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-Geiger mode APD ineengxaki ezithile ezifana ne-detector dead time, ukusebenza okuphantsi kokufumanisa, i-crossword enkulu ye-optical kunye nesisombululo esiphantsi sendawo, ngoko ke kunzima ukwenza ngcono ukungqubana phakathi kwesantya esiphezulu sokufumanisa kunye nesantya esiphantsi se-alamu yobuxoki. Iikhawuntara ze-Photon ezisekwe kwizixhobo ze-APD ze-HgCdTe ezingenamsindo zisebenza kwi-linear mode, azinazo i-dead time kunye ne-crosstalk restrictions, azina-post-pulse enxulumene ne-Geiger mode, azifuni ii-quench circuits, zinoluhlu oluphezulu kakhulu lwe-dynamic, uluhlu olubanzi nolunokuhlengahlengiswa lwe-spectral, kwaye zinokulungiswa ngokuzimeleyo ukuze zisebenze kakuhle ekufumaneni kunye nesantya sokubala sobuxoki. Ivula intsimi entsha yesicelo semifanekiso yokubala i-infrared photon, yindlela ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lwezixhobo zokubala i-photon, kwaye inamathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwi-astronomical observation, unxibelelwano lwasimahla lwesithuba, imifanekiso esebenzayo nengashukumiyo, ukulandelela i-fringe njalo njalo.
Umgaqo wokubala i-photon kwizixhobo ze-HgCdTe APD
Izixhobo ze-APD photodetector ezisekelwe kwizixhobo ze-HgCdTe zinokugubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwee-wavelengths, kwaye ii-coefficients ze-ionization zee-electron kunye neengxunya zahlukile kakhulu (jonga uMfanekiso 1 (a)). Zibonisa indlela enye yokuphindaphinda kwe-carrier ngaphakathi kwe-wavelength yokusika ye-1.3 ~ 11 µm. Akukho ngxolo igqithisileyo phantse (xa kuthelekiswa ne-excess noise factor FSi~2-3 yezixhobo ze-Si APD kunye ne-FIII-V~4-5 yezixhobo zosapho lwe-III-V (jonga uMfanekiso 1 (b)), ukuze umlinganiselo wesignali-kwingxolo yezixhobo ungabi ncipha ngokwanda kwe-gain, eyi-infrared efanelekileyo.isixhobo sokubona ifoto se-avalanche.
UMZOBO 1 (a) Ubudlelwane phakathi komlinganiselo we-impact ionization coefficient wezinto ze-mercury cadmium telluride kunye ne-component x ye-Cd; (b) Uthelekiso lwe-excess noise factor F yezixhobo ze-APD kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zezinto
Iteknoloji yokubala i-photon yiteknoloji entsha enokukhupha imiqondiso ye-optical kwingxolo yobushushu ngedijithali ngokusombulula ii-pulses ze-photoelectron eziveliswa yi-aisixhobo sokubona iifotoemva kokufumana i-photon enye. Ekubeni isignali yokukhanya okuphantsi isasazeka ngakumbi kwindawo yexesha, ukuphuma kwesignali yombane yi-detector nako kungokwemvelo kwaye kuhlukile. Ngokwale mpawu yokukhanya okubuthathaka, ukwandiswa kwe-pulse, ukwahlulahlula kwe-pulse kunye neendlela zokubala zedijithali zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukubona ukukhanya okubuthathaka kakhulu. Itekhnoloji yanamhlanje yokubala i-photon ineenzuzo ezininzi, ezifana nomlinganiselo ophezulu wesignali-kwingxolo, ukwahlula okuphezulu, ukuchaneka kokulinganisa okuphezulu, ukuthintela ukutyibilika okuhle, ukuzinza kwexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye inokukhupha idatha kwikhompyutha ngendlela yesignali yedijithali yohlalutyo nokucubungula okulandelayo, okungenakuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokufumanisa. Okwangoku, inkqubo yokubala i-photon isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lokulinganisa imboni kunye nokufumanisa ukukhanya okuphantsi, njenge-nonlinear optics, i-molecular biology, i-ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, i-astronomical photometry, ukulinganisa ungcoliseko lomoya, njl.njl., ezinxulumene nokufumana kunye nokufumanisa imiqondiso yokukhanya ebuthathaka. I-mercury cadmium telluride avalanche photodetector ayinangxolo igqithisileyo, njengoko ukwanda kusanda, umlinganiselo wesignali-kwingxolo awuboli, kwaye akukho xesha lide kunye nothintelo emva kokubetha olunxulumene nezixhobo ze-Geiger avalanche, ezifanelekileyo kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni ekubaleni i-photon, kwaye lulwalathiso olubalulekileyo lophuhliso lwezixhobo zokubala i-photon kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-14-2025