Ukwazisa "uMphefumlo" wee-laser ezisemgangathweni oqinileyo

Ukwazisa "uMphefumlo" wee-laser ezisemgangathweni oqinileyo

I-Mainstreami-laser yesimo esiqinileyoizixhobo

Isiseko sayo nayiphi na i-laser sisithako esisebenzayo se-laser, kunye nesithako esisebenzayo sesimo esiqinileyoilezaiqinile ngokwenene. Uninzi lwe-laser media oluqinileyo lwenziwe ngama-crystal matrices kunye nee-atom ezixutyiweyo okanye ii-ions ezine-laser activity, ngelixa ama-amorphous (glass) matrices enqabile. Uphuhliso lwamva nje kwitekhnoloji yokulungiselela i-ceramic kulindeleke ukuba lwandise kakhulu umda wokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-laser ezingabizi kakhulu nezisemgangathweni ophezulu, ezinokwenziwa ngobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu kunezo zezixhobo ze-crystal.

Izinto ze-laser ezisetyenziswa rhoqo yi-core

Irubhi: Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwekhemikhali yi-chromium-doped aluminum oxide (Cr:Al₂O₃). Iirubhi zokwenziwa zinolwakhiwo lwekhemikhali olufana nolwerubhi zodidi oluphezulu, kodwa zicocekile kwaye zisemgangathweni ophezulu. Zibonakala zipinki kwaye zinobude be-laser obuyi-694.3 nanometers.

2. I-garnet ye-aluminium ye-yttrium efakwe i-Neodymium (Nd:YAG): Ikristale yokwenziwa, enobude be-laser obuyi-1064 nanometers, ixhomekeke ekukhanyeni okukufutshane ne-infrared kwaye ayibonakali kwaphela kwaye ayikhuselekanga emehlweni. I-Nd:YAG okwangoku yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-laser eqinileyo, idlula kakhulu i-ruby. Isizathu esiphambili kukuba umda wayo we-laser uphantsi, kwaye inokufikelela kumandla aphezulu okukhupha phantsi kwamandla afanayo okufaka.

3. I-Neodymium-doped yttrium vanadate (Nd:YVO₄) Idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-“vanadate”, iye yaba yeyona nto ikhethwayo kwiilaser eziqinileyo ezisebenzisa i-diode-pumped solid-state lasers ngenxa ye-laser yayo enkulu ekhuthazayo, i-laser threshold ephantsi kunye neempawu ze-polarized output. Ii-wavelengths ezisebenzayo zii-nanometers ezili-1064 kunye nee-nanometers ezili-1340, kwaye emva kokuba iphindaphindwe kabini rhoqo, inokukhupha iilaser ezine-wavelengths ezingama-532 nanometers kunye nee-nanometers ezingama-670.

4. Iglasi efakwe iNeodymium (Nd:Glass): Isebenzisa iglasi engenasimo njenge-matrix, iipropati zayo ze-laser ziyafana nezeNd:YAG. Ingxaki yayo ephambili kukuba ubushushu bayo buphantsi kakhulu, yi-1/10 kuphela yekristale, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyipholisa kwizicelo ezinamandla aphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, inzuzo yayo ikwinyani yokuba inokwenziwa ibe yi-laser media enobubanzi obungaphezulu kwenyawo enye, ilawula ngokufanelekileyo uxinano lwamandla, ithintele ukonakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo kwinqanaba le-kilojoule.i-pulsed laser, kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu.

Ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ze-laser eziqinileyo, izinto ezifakwe i-erbium: kuquka i-erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG, output wavelength 2940 nanometers) kunye ne-erbium-doped Glass (Er:Glass, output wavelength 1540 nanometers). Izinto ezifakwe i-Holmium: kuquka i-holmium doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Ho:YAG), i-holmium doped lithium yttrium fluoride (Ho:YLF), kunye ne-holmium doped Glass (Ho:glass, output wavelength 2000 ukuya kwi-2100 nanometers). Izinto ezifakwe kwi-Thulium: kuquka i-thulium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Tm:YAG), i-thulium-doped lutetium aluminium garnet (Tm:LuAG), kunye ne-thulium-holmium co-doped lithium yttrium fluoride (Tm,Ho:YLF, ubude be-output ukusuka kwi-2000 ukuya kwi-2030 nanometers). Izinto ezifakwe kwi-Ytterbium: ezifana ne-ytterbium-doped potassium gadolinium tungstate (Yb:KGW, ubude be-output ukusuka kwi-1025 ukuya kwi-1045 nanometers). I-Alexandrite (ubude be-output ukusuka kwi-655 ukuya kwi-815 nanometers). I-Titanium-doped Sapphire (Ti:Sapphire, ubude be-output ukusuka kwi-840 ukuya kwi-1100 nanometers)