Kutshanje, i-US Spirit probe igqibe uvavanyo lonxibelelwano lwelaser kwisithuba esinzulu kunye nezixhobo ezisemhlabeni ezizizigidi ezili-16 zeekhilomitha ukusuka kude, kumiselwa irekhodi entsha yomgama wonxibelelwano wokukhanya. Ngoko ke ziziphi iingenelo zelaser unxibelelwano? Ngokusekwe kwimigaqo yobugcisa kunye neemfuno zobuthunywa, bubuphi ubunzima ekufuneka boyise? Liyintoni ithemba lokusetyenziswa kwayo kummandla wokuhlola indawo enzulu kwixesha elizayo?
Ukuphumelela kweteknoloji, ungoyiki imingeni
Ukuphonononga indawo enzulu ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu ngexesha labaphandi bamajukujuku bephonononga indalo iphela. Iiprobes kufuneka zinqumle indawo ephakathi kweenkwenkwezi, zoyise iimeko ezingqongileyo eziqatha kunye neemeko ezinzima, zifumane kwaye zidlulise idatha ebalulekileyo, kwaye iteknoloji yonxibelelwano idlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Umzobo weSchematic weisithuba esinzulu laser unxibelelwanoulinge phakathi kwe-Spirit satellite probe kunye ne-ground observatory
Ngomhla we-13 ku-Okthobha, i-Spirit probe yasungulwa, iqala uhambo lokuhlola oluya kuthatha iminyaka esibhozo ubuncinane. Ekuqaleni kwemishini, yasebenza kunye neteleskopu yeHale ePalomar Observatory eUnited States ukuvavanya itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano yelaser yendawo enzulu, isebenzisa ikhowudi yelaser ekufutshane ne-infrared ukunxibelelana idatha namaqela aseMhlabeni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, idetector kunye nezixhobo zayo zonxibelelwano ngelaser kufuneka zoyise ubuncinci iintlobo ezine zobunzima. Ngokulandelelana, umgama ode, ukunyanzeliswa komqondiso kunye nokuphazamiseka, ukukhawulwa kwe-bandwidth kunye nokulibaziseka, ukunciphisa amandla kunye neengxaki zokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu zifanelwe ingqalelo. Abaphandi kudala belindele kwaye balungiselela obu bunzima, kwaye baye bagqobhoza kuthotho lweetekhnoloji eziphambili, babeka isiseko esilungileyo sophando loMoya ukwenza imifuniselo yonxibelelwano lwelaser kwisithuba esinzulu.
Okokuqala, i-Spirit detector isebenzisa iteknoloji yothumelo lwedatha yesantya esiphezulu, i-laser beam ekhethiweyo njengendlela yokuhambisa, ixhotyiswe ngei-laser enamandla kakhulutransmitter, usebenzisa iinzuzo zeukuhanjiswa kwelaserizinga kunye nokuzinza okuphezulu, ukuzama ukuseka amakhonkco onxibelelwano lwe-laser kwindawo enzulu yendawo.
Okwesibini, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukuthembeka kunye nokuzinza konxibelelwano, umtshini woMoya wamkela iteknoloji yekhowudi esebenzayo, enokufikelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokuhanjiswa kwedatha ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth elinganiselwe ngokulungisa ikhowudi yedatha. Kwangaxeshanye, inokunciphisa isantya sempazamo encinci kwaye iphucule ukuchaneka kokuhanjiswa kwedatha ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yekhowudi yokulungisa impazamo yangaphambili.
Okwesithathu, ngoncedo lokucwangcisa ngobukrelekrele kunye nolawulo lwetekhnoloji, uphononongo luqonda ukusetyenziswa ngokukuko kwezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Itekhnoloji inokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano kunye namazinga othumelo ngokweenguqu kwiimfuno zomsebenzi kunye nemeko yonxibelelwano, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ezona ziphumo zonxibelelwano zingcono phantsi kweemeko zamandla alinganiselweyo.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuze kuphuculwe isakhono sokwamkela umqondiso, i-Spirit probe isebenzisa iteknoloji yolwamkelo lwe-multi-beam. Le teknoloji isebenzisa ii-eriyali zokufumana ezininzi ukwenza uluhlu, olunokuphucula ukufumana ubuntununtunu kunye nokuzinza komqondiso, kwaye emva koko kugcinwe unxibelelwano oluzinzileyo lonxibelelwano kwindawo enzima yesithuba esinzulu.
Iinzuzo ziyabonakala, zifihlwe emfihlakalweni
Ihlabathi langaphandle akukho nzima ukufumana ukubalaseryinto engundoqo yovavanyo lonxibelelwano lwesithuba esinzulu soMoya, ngoko ke ziziphi iingenelo ezithile ezinaso i-laser ekuncedeni inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo yonxibelelwano olunzulu lwendawo? Yintoni imfihlakalo?
Kwelinye icala, imfuno ekhulayo yedatha enkulu, imifanekiso enezigqibo eziphezulu kunye neevidiyo zemishini yokuhlola indawo enzulu inyanzelekile ukuba ifune amazinga aphezulu othumelo lwedatha kunxibelelwano olunzulu lwendawo. Kumgama wothungelwano lonxibelelwano oluhlala “luqala” ngamashumi ezigidi zeekhilomitha, amaza kanomathotholo ngokuthe ngcembe “aphelelwa ngamandla.”
Ngelixa unxibelelwano lwelaser lufaka iikhowudi ulwazi kwiifotoni, xa kuthelekiswa namaza erediyo, amaza okukhanya akufuphi ne-infrared anobude obumxinwa kunye namaza omoya aphezulu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwakha idatha yendawo “uhola wendlela” osebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokutyibilika kolwazi. Eli nqaku liye laqinisekiswa kwasekuqaleni kwimifuniselo yangaphambili yesithuba se-orbit yoMhlaba. Emva kokuthatha amanyathelo afanelekileyo okuziqhelanisa kunye nokoyisa uphazamiseko lwe-atmospheric, izinga lokuhanjiswa kwedatha yenkqubo yonxibelelwano ye-laser yayikhe yaphantse yaphindwe ka-100 ngaphezu kwezo zonxibelelwano lwangaphambili.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-26-2024