I-Microwave optoelectronics, njengoko igama libonisa, yi-intersection ye-microwave kunyeoptoelectronics. Amaza eMicrowave kunye namaza okukhanya ngamaza ombane wombane, kwaye iifrikhwensi ziziodolo ezininzi zobukhulu obahlukeneyo, kwaye amacandelo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphuhliswe kwiinkalo zabo zahluke kakhulu. Ngokudibeneyo, sinokusebenzisa omnye nomnye, kodwa sinokufumana izicelo ezintsha kunye neempawu ekunzima ukuziqonda ngokulandelelanayo.
Unxibelelwano lwamehlongumzekelo obalaseleyo wokudityaniswa kwee-microwaves kunye nee-photoelectrons. Iifowuni zangaphambili kunye neefowuni zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo, isizukulwana, ukusasazwa kunye nokwamkelwa kwemiqondiso, zonke izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-microwave. Amaza e-electromagnetic aphantsi asetyenziswa ekuqaleni ngenxa yokuba uluhlu lwamaza ombane luncinci kwaye umthamo wejelo losasazo uncinci. Isisombululo kukunyusa ukuphindaphinda komqondiso ogqithisiweyo, ukuphakama kwe-frequency, izibonelelo ezininzi ze-spectrum. Kodwa isibonakaliso esiphezulu se-frequency kwilahleko yokusasazwa komoya inkulu, kodwa kulula ukuvalelwa yimiqobo. Ukuba intambo isetyenzisiwe, ukulahlekelwa kwentambo kukhulu, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwexesha elide kuyingxaki. Ukuvela konxibelelwano lwefiber optical sisisombululo esihle kwezi ngxaki.Ifayibha yamehloinelahleko ephantsi kakhulu yothumelo kwaye ingumxhasi ogqwesileyo wokuhambisa imiqondiso kumgama omde. Uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya lukhulu kakhulu kunolo lwee-microwaves kwaye lunokusasaza amajelo amaninzi awohlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Ngenxa yezi nzuzo zeukuhanjiswa kwamehlo, unxibelelwano lwefiber optical lube ngumqolo wokusasazwa kolwazi lwanamhlanje.
Unxibelelwano lwe-Optical lunembali ende, uphando kunye nesicelo sikhulu kakhulu kwaye sivuthiwe, apha asithethi ngakumbi. Eli phepha lazisa ikakhulu umxholo omtsha wophando lwe-microwave optoelectronics kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngaphandle konxibelelwano lwamehlo. I-Microwave optoelectronics isebenzisa ikakhulu iindlela kunye netekhnoloji kwintsimi ye-optoelectronics njengomthwali wokuphucula kunye nokufezekisa ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa ekunzima ukufezekiswa ngamacandelo e-elektroniki e-microwave. Ngokwembono yesicelo, ikakhulu ibandakanya le miba mithathu ilandelayo.
Eyokuqala kukusetyenziswa kwe-optoelectronics ukuvelisa i-high-performance, i-low-noise microwave signals, ukusuka kwi-X-band yonke indlela ukuya kwi-THz band.
Okwesibini, ukusetyenzwa komqondiso we-microwave. Kubandakanya ukulibaziseka, ukuhluza, uguqulo rhoqo, ukufumana njalo njalo.
Okwesithathu, ukuhanjiswa kweempawu ze-analog.
Kule nqaku, umbhali uzisa kuphela inxalenye yokuqala, isizukulwana somqondiso we-microwave. Imaza ye-microwave millimeter yesiqhelo iveliswa ikakhulu ngamacandelwana e-microelectronic iii_V. Imida yayo inala manqaku alandelayo: Okokuqala, ukuya kwii-frequencies eziphezulu ezifana ne-100GHz ngasentla, i-microelectronics yendabuko inokuvelisa amandla amancinci nangaphantsi, ukuya kwi-Frequency frequency THz signal, ayinakwenza nto. Okwesibini, ukuze kuncitshiswe ingxolo yesigaba kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lwamaza, isixhobo sokuqala kufuneka sibekwe kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. Okwesithathu, kunzima ukufezekisa uluhlu olubanzi lokuguqulelwa kwe-frequency modulation frequency. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, iteknoloji ye-optoelectronic inokudlala indima. Iindlela eziphambili zichazwe ngezantsi.
1. Ngokusebenzisa umahluko wefrikhwensi yeempawu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zelaser, i-high-frequency photodetector isetyenziselwa ukuguqula iimpawu ze-microwave, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umzobo 1. Umzobo ocwangcisiweyo wee-microwave owenziwe ngumahluko wamaxesha amabiniiilaser.
Iingenelo zale ndlela sisakhiwo esilula, sinokuvelisa i-millimeter wave ephezulu kakhulu kunye ne-THz frequency frequency, kwaye ngokulungelelanisa i-frequency ye-laser inokuqhuba uluhlu olukhulu lokuguqulwa kwamaza okukhawulezayo, ukutshayela i-frequency. Ukungalungi kukuba i-linewidth okanye ingxolo yesigaba somahluko we-frequency signal eyenziwa zizibonakaliso ezimbini ze-laser ezingahambelaniyo zinkulu kakhulu, kwaye ukuzinza kwe-frequency akukho phezulu, ngakumbi ukuba i-laser ye-semiconductor enomthamo omncinci kodwa ububanzi bomgca omkhulu (~MHz) esetyenzisiweyo. Ukuba iimfuno zomthamo wobunzima benkqubo aziphezulu, ungasebenzisa ingxolo ephantsi (~kHz) iilaser zombuso oqinileyo,i-fiber lasers, umngxuma wangaphandleiisemiconductor lasers, njl. Ukongeza, iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zemiqondiso yelaser eyenziwe kumngxunya we-laser efanayo zinokusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-frequency frequency, ukwenzela ukuba ukusebenza kozinzo lwe-microwave kuphuculwe kakhulu.
2. Ukuze kulungiswe ingxaki yokuba i-laser ezimbini kwindlela yangaphambili azihambelani kwaye ingxolo yesigaba somqondiso eveliswayo inkulu kakhulu, ukuhambelana phakathi kwe-laser ezimbini kunokufunyanwa ngendlela yokutshixa isigaba sokutshixa isitofu okanye isigaba sempendulo engalunganga. ukutshixa isiphaluka. Umzobo 2 ubonisa usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lokutshixa inaliti ukuvelisa ii-microwaves ezininzi (Umfanekiso 2). Ngokujova ngokuthe ngqo izibonakaliso zangoku eziphakamileyo eziphezulu kwi-laser semiconductor, okanye ngokusebenzisa i-modulator ye-LinBO3-phase, izibonakaliso ezininzi ze-optical ze-frequencies ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-frequency spacing elinganayo inokuveliswa, okanye i-optical frequency combs. Ewe, indlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukufumana i-wide spectrum optical frequency comb kukusebenzisa i-laser evaliweyo. Naziphi na iimpawu ezimbini zekama kwi-optical frequency comb eyenziweyo zikhethwa ngokucoca kunye nokutofwa kwi-laser 1 kunye ne-2 ngokulandelelanayo ukuze kuqatshelwe ukuphindaphinda kunye nokutshixa kwesigaba ngokulandelelanayo. Ngenxa yokuba isigaba phakathi kweempawu zekama ezahlukeneyo zekama rhoqo zizinzile, ukuze isigaba sokuzalana phakathi kweelaser ezimbini sizinzile, kwaye ke ngendlela yomahluko wefrikhwensi njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, isignali ye-microwave ephindaphinda kaninzi. ireyithi yokuphinda i-optical frequency comb inokufumaneka.
Umzobo 2. Umzobo we-Schematic diagram ye-microwave frequency ephindwe kabini isignali eveliswa kukutshixa ngamaza enaliti.
Enye indlela yokunciphisa ingxolo yesigaba esihambelanayo seelaser ezimbini kukusebenzisa i-PLL yempendulo engalunganga, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umzobo 3. Umzobo weSchematic we-OPL.
Umgaqo we-Optical PLL ufana ne-PLL kwintsimi ye-electronics. Umahluko wesigaba seelaser ezimbini uguqulwa ube ngumqondiso wombane yifotodetector (elingana ne detector yesigaba), kwaye ke umahluko wesigaba phakathi kwezi lasers zimbini ufunyanwa ngokwenza umahluko frequency kunye nereferensi yomthombo wesiginali yemicrowave, eyandisiweyo. yaze yahluzwa yaza yaphinda yondliwe kwiyunithi yolawulo lokuphindaphinda yenye yeelasesi (kwi-laser semiconductor, sisitofu sangoku). Ngokusebenzisa olo phawu lolawulo lwengxelo olungelulo, isigaba samaza okudibana phakathi kweempawu zelaser ezimbini sitshixiwe kwisignali yereferensi yemicrowave. Isignali edibeneyo ye-optical inokudluliselwa nge-fiber optical kwi-photodetector kwenye indawo kwaye iguqulelwe kwisignali ye-microwave. Ingxolo yesigaba esisiphumo somqondiso we-microwave iphantse yafana naleyo yesiginali yereferensi ngaphakathi kwebhanwidth yesigaba-esitshixiweyo sengxelo engalunganga. Ingxolo yesigaba ngaphandle kwe-bandwidth ilingana nesandi sesigaba esihlobene ne-laser ezimbini zokuqala ezingahambelani.
Ukongeza, ireferensi yomthombo wesiginali ye-microwave inokuguqulwa yeminye imithombo yomqondiso ngokuphinda-phinda kabini, ukuphindaphindeka kwezahlulo, okanye okunye ukusetyenzwa kwamaza, ukuze isiginali ye-microwave esezantsi inokuphinda-phindwe kabini, okanye iguqulelwe kwiisignali zeRF, THz.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokutshixwa rhoqo kwesitofu kunokufumana kuphela ukuphinda-phinda kabini, iilophu ezitshixwa ngezigaba zibhetyebhetye ngakumbi, zinokuvelisa amaza ajikelezayo, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo anzima ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, i-optical frequency comb eyenziwe yi-photoelectric modulator kwi-Figure 2 isetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, kwaye i-loop ye-locked phase-locked loop isetyenziselwa ukutshixa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphindaphinda kwee-lasers ezimbini kwiimpawu ezimbini ze-optical comb, kwaye emva koko uvelise. imiqondiso ephezulu-frequency ngokusebenzisa umahluko ophindaphindiweyo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. I-f1 kunye ne-f2 ziimpawu zesalathisi eziphindaphindayo kwii-PLLS ezimbini. ngokulandelelanayo, kunye nesignali ye-microwave ye-N*frep+f1+f2 inokuveliswa ngumahluko ophindaphindiweyo phakathi kweelaser ezimbini.
Umzobo 4. Umzobo ocwangcisiweyo wokuvelisa iifrikhwensi ezingafanelekanga usebenzisa i-optical frequency combs kunye ne-PLLS.
3. Sebenzisa i-mode-locked pulse laser ukuguqula i-optical pulse signal ibe ngumqondiso wemicrowaveifotodetector.
Inzuzo ephambili yale ndlela kukuba isibonakaliso esinozinzo oluhle kakhulu kunye nengxolo yesigaba esiphantsi kakhulu inokufumaneka. Ngokutshixa i-laser kwi-atomic ezinzileyo kunye ne-molecular transition spectrum, okanye i-optical cavity ezinzile kakhulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-self-double-double-double frequency ye-frequency yokususwa kwe-frequency kunye nobunye ubuchwephesha, sinokufumana isignali ye-optical pulse ezinzile kakhulu. Ukuphindaphinda okuzinzile rhoqo, ukuze ufumane isignali ye-microwave ngengxolo yesigaba esisezantsi. Umfanekiso wesi-5.
Umzobo 5. Uthelekiso lwengxolo yesigaba esizalanayo semithombo yomqondiso eyahlukeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba umyinge wokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse uhambelana ngokungafaniyo nobude be-cavity ye-laser, kunye ne-laser yemo yesiqhelo etshixiweyo inkulu, kunzima ukufumana izibonakaliso eziphezulu ze-microwave ngokuthe ngqo. Ukongeza, ubungakanani, ubunzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-laser ye-pulsed yendabuko, kunye neemfuno eziqatha zokusingqongileyo, zinciphisa usetyenziso lwazo ikakhulu zelabhoratri. Ukoyisa obu bunzima, uphando lusandula ukuqalisa e-United States naseJamani kusetyenziswa iziphumo ezingezizo ukuvelisa i-frequency-stable optical cobs kwiindawo ezincinci kakhulu, ezikumgangatho ophezulu we-chirp optical cavities, ethi yona ivelise imiqondiso ye-microwave ene-frequency ephezulu.
4. opto oscillator electronic, Umfanekiso 6.
Umzobo 6. I-Schematic diagram ye-photoelectric edibene ne-oscillator.
Enye yeendlela zendabuko zokuvelisa i-microwaves okanye i-laser kukusebenzisa i-self-feedback ivaliwe loop, nje ukuba inzuzo kwi-loop evaliweyo inkulu kunokulahlekelwa, i-oscillation yokuzimela inokuvelisa i-microwaves okanye i-lasers. Ukuphakama komgangatho we-Q ye-loop evaliweyo, incinci isigaba somqondiso owenziweyo okanye ingxolo yamaza. Ukuze ukwandise umgangatho we-loop, indlela echanekileyo kukunyusa ubude be-loop kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yokusabalalisa. Nangona kunjalo, i-loop ende inokuhlala ixhasa ukuveliswa kweendlela ezininzi ze-oscillation, kwaye ukuba isihluzo esincinci se-bandwidth siyongezwa, i-single-frequency low-low-low-wide oscillation signal inokufumaneka. I-Photoelectric edityanisiweyo ye-oscillator ngumthombo wesiginali ye-microwave esekelwe kulo mbono, yenza ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kweempawu zelahleko ezisezantsi zokusasazwa kwefiber, usebenzisa ifayibha elide ukuphucula ixabiso le-loop Q, inokuvelisa umqondiso we-microwave onengxolo yesigaba esiphantsi kakhulu. Ekubeni le ndlela yayicetywayo kwi-1990s, olu hlobo lwe-oscillator lufumene uphando olubanzi kunye nophuhliso olubonakalayo, kwaye ngoku kukho i-oscillator ye-photoelectric edibeneyo yokuthengisa. Kutshanje, ii-oscillator ze-photoelectric oscillators ezinokuthi zihlengahlengiswe kuluhlu olubanzi ziye zaphuhliswa. Ingxaki enkulu yemithombo yesignali ye-microwave esekelwe kule sakhiwo kukuba i-loop ide, kwaye ingxolo ekuhambeni kwayo kwamahhala (FSR) kunye nokuphindaphinda kwayo kabini kuya kwandiswa kakhulu. Ukongezelela, amacandelo e-photoelectric asetyenzisiweyo angaphezulu, ixabiso liphezulu, umthamo unzima ukunciphisa, kwaye i-fiber ende ivakalelwa ngakumbi kukuphazamiseka kokusingqongileyo.
Oku kungasentla kwazisa ngokufutshane iindlela ezininzi zokuvelisa i-photoelectron yeempawu ze-microwave, kunye nezinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo. Okokugqibela, ukusetyenziswa kwee-photoelectrons ukuvelisa i-microwave kunenye inzuzo yeyokuba umqondiso we-optical ungasasazwa nge-fiber optical ngelahleko ephantsi kakhulu, ukuhanjiswa komgama omde kwi-terminal yosetyenziso nganye emva koko iguqulwe ibe ziimpawu ze-microwave, kunye nokukwazi ukumelana ne-electromagnetic. uphazamiseko luphuculwe kakhulu kunezixhobo ze-elektroniki eziqhelekileyo.
Ukubhalwa kweli nqaku ikakhulu kubhekiswa, kwaye kudityaniswe namava ophando ombhali kunye namava kulo mmandla, kukho ukungachaneki kunye nokungaqondi, nceda uqonde.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-03-2024