Ii-optoelectronics ze-microwave, njengoko igama lisitsho, yindawo apho i-microwave kunye ne-microwave zihlangana khona.i-optoelectronicsIi-microwave kunye namaza okukhanya ngamaza e-electromagnetic, kwaye amaza ahlukeneyo kakhulu, kwaye izinto kunye netekhnoloji eziphuhliswe kwiinkalo zazo zahlukile kakhulu. Xa zidibene, singancedana, kodwa sinokufumana usetyenziso olutsha kunye neempawu ezinzima ukuziqonda ngokwahlukeneyo.
Unxibelelwano lwe-Opticalngumzekelo ophambili wokudibanisa ii-microwave kunye nee-photoelectrons. Unxibelelwano olungenazingcingo lwefowuni kunye ne-telegraph lwasekuqaleni, ukuveliswa, ukusasazwa kunye nokwamkelwa kwemiqondiso, zonke izixhobo ze-microwave ezisetyenzisiweyo. Amaza e-electromagnetic asebenzisa i-frequency ephantsi asetyenziswa ekuqaleni kuba uluhlu lwe-frequency luncinci kwaye umthamo wetshaneli yokudlulisa umncinci. Isisombululo kukwandisa i-frequency yesignali edluliselweyo, okukhona i-frequency iphezulu, izixhobo ze-spectrum zininzi. Kodwa i-frequency ephezulu yesignali edluliselweyo emoyeni ilahlekile, kodwa kulula ukuyivala yimiqobo. Ukuba intambo isetyenziswa, ukulahleka kwentambo kukhulu, kwaye ukuhanjiswa komgama omde yingxaki. Ukuvela konxibelelwano lwe-optical fiber sisisombululo esihle kwezi ngxaki.Ifayibha yokubonisainelahleko encinci kakhulu yokudlulisela kwaye sisixhobo esilungileyo sokudlulisa imiqondiso kumgama omde. Uluhlu lwamaza okukhanya lulukhulu kakhulu kunolo lwee-microwave kwaye lunokudlulisa iitshaneli ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Ngenxa yezi zibonelelo zouthumelo lwe-optical, unxibelelwano lwefayibha ye-optical luye lwaba ngumqolo wokudluliselwa kolwazi namhlanje.
Unxibelelwano lwe-optical lunembali ende, uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kubanzi kakhulu kwaye kuvuthiwe, asikuko okungaphezulu. Eli phepha lizisa ngokuyintloko umxholo omtsha wophando lwe-microwave optoelectronics kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngaphandle konxibelelwano lwe-optical. I-microwave optoelectronics ikakhulu isebenzisa iindlela kunye netekhnoloji kwicandelo le-optoelectronics njengomthwali ukuphucula nokufezekisa ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa okunzima ukukufezekisa ngezinto ze-elektroniki ze-microwave zemveli. Ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa, ibandakanya ikakhulu ezi nkalo zintathu zilandelayo.
Eyokuqala kukusetyenziswa kwe-optoelectronics ukuvelisa imiqondiso ye-microwave esebenza kakhulu, engenangxolo iphantsi, ukusuka kwi-X-band ukuya kwi-THZ band.
Okwesibini, ukucubungula isignali ye-microwave. Kubandakanya ukulibaziseka, ukucoca, ukuguqulwa kwamaza, ukufumana njalo njalo.
Okwesithathu, ukudluliselwa kwemiqondiso ye-analog.
Kweli nqaku, umbhali uzisa inxalenye yokuqala kuphela, ukuveliswa kwesignali ye-microwave. I-wave ye-microelectronic yendabuko iveliswa ikakhulu zii-microelectronic components ze-iii_V. Imida yayo inala manqaku alandelayo: Okokuqala, kwii-frequency eziphezulu ezifana ne-100GHz ngasentla, ii-microelectronics zendabuko zinokuvelisa amandla amancinci nangaphantsi, kwi-frequency ephezulu ye-THz, azinakwenza nto. Okwesibini, ukuze kuncitshiswe ingxolo yesigaba kwaye kuphuculwe uzinzo lwee-frequency, isixhobo sokuqala kufuneka sibekwe kwindawo enobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. Okwesithathu, kunzima ukufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lokuguqulwa kwee-frequency modulation. Ukusombulula ezi ngxaki, itekhnoloji ye-optoelectronic inokudlala indima. Iindlela eziphambili zichazwe ngezantsi.
1. Ngokusebenzisa umahluko wemvamisa yemiqondiso emibini eyahlukeneyo yelaser, i-photodetector esetyenziswa rhoqo kakhulu isetyenziselwa ukuguqula imiqondiso ye-microwave, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 1. Umzobo weskimu wee-microwaves eziveliswa yi-frequency yomahluko we-twoiileyiza.
Iingenelo zale ndlela zilula, zinokuvelisa i-wave ye-millimeter ephindaphindayo kakhulu kunye nesignali ye-frequency ye-THz, kwaye ngokulungelelanisa i-frequency ye-laser inokwenza uluhlu olukhulu lokuguqulwa kwe-frequency ekhawulezayo, i-sweep frequency. Ingxaki kukuba i-linewidth okanye i-phase ingxolo yesignali ye-frequency yomahluko eveliswa ziisignali ezimbini ze-laser ezingadibaniyo inkulu kakhulu, kwaye uzinzo lwe-frequency aluphezulu, ingakumbi ukuba kusetyenziswa i-laser ye-semiconductor enomthamo omncinci kodwa i-linewidth enkulu (~MHz). Ukuba iimfuno ze-system weight volume aziphezulu, ungasebenzisa ii-laser ze-solid-state eziphantsi (~kHz),iileyiza zefayibha, umngxuma ongaphandleiileyiza ze-semiconductor, njl. Ukongeza, iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zemiqondiso yelaser eyenziwe kwindawo efanayo yelaser zingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-frequency yomahluko, ukuze ukusebenza kozinzo lwe-frequency ye-microwave kuphuculwe kakhulu.
2. Ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki yokuba iilaser ezimbini kwindlela yangaphambili azihambelani kwaye ingxolo yesigaba sesignali eveliswayo inkulu kakhulu, ukuhambelana phakathi kweelaser ezimbini kunokufunyanwa ngendlela yokutshixa i-injection frequency locking phase okanye i-negative feedback phase locking circuit. Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-injection locking ukuvelisa ii-microwave multiples (Umfanekiso 2). Ngokufaka ngokuthe ngqo iisignali zamandla aphezulu kwi-laser ye-semiconductor, okanye ngokusebenzisa i-LinBO3-phase modulator, iisignali ezininzi ze-optical ze-frequency ezahlukeneyo ezine-frequency space elinganayo zinokwenziwa, okanye ii-optical frequency combs. Kakade ke, indlela esetyenziswa rhoqo yokufumana i-wide spectrum optical frequency comb kukusebenzisa i-mode-locked laser. Naziphi na iisignali ezimbini ze-comb kwi-optical frequency comb eveliswayo zikhethwa ngokucoca kwaye zifakwe kwi-laser 1 kunye ne-2 ngokulandelanayo ukuze kufezekiswe i-frequency kunye ne-phase locking ngokulandelanayo. Ngenxa yokuba isigaba esiphakathi kwezibonakaliso ze-comb ezahlukeneyo ze-optical frequency comb sizinzile, ukuze isigaba esihambelanayo phakathi kweelaser ezimbini sizinzile, kwaye emva koko ngendlela ye-frequency yomahluko njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, isignali ye-microwave ye-frequency multi-fold ye-optical frequency comb repetition rate inokufunyanwa.
Umfanekiso 2. Umzobo weskimu wesignali ephindaphindayo ye-microwave eyenziwe kukutshixa i-injection frequency.
Enye indlela yokunciphisa ingxolo yesigaba esihambelanayo seeleser ezimbini kukusebenzisa i-PLL yempendulo engalunganga, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3.
Umfanekiso 3. Umzobo we-OPL.
Umgaqo we-optical PLL ufana nowe-PLL kwicandelo le-elektroniki. Umahluko wesigaba seeleser ezimbini uguqulwa ube yisignali yombane yi-photodetector (elingana ne-phase detector), uze emva koko umahluko wesigaba phakathi kweeleser ezimbini ufunyanwe ngokwenza i-difference frequency ngomthombo wesignali ye-microwave ebhekisayo, eyandiswa kwaye ihluzwe ize ibuyiselwe kwiyunithi yolawulo lwe-frequency yenye yee-laser (kwiileser ze-semiconductor, yi-injection current). Ngolu hlobo lwe-negative feedback control loop, isigaba se-relative frequency phakathi kwezibonakaliso ze-laser ezimbini sitshixiwe kwisignali ye-microwave ebhekisayo. Isignali ye-optical edibeneyo inokudluliselwa ngee-optical fibers ukuya kwi-photodetector kwenye indawo kwaye iguqulwe ibe yisignali ye-microwave. Ingxolo yesigaba ephumayo yesignali ye-microwave iphantse ifane neyomqondiso wesalathiso ngaphakathi kwe-bandwidth ye-phase-locked negative feedback loop. Ingxolo yesigaba ngaphandle kwe-bandwidth ilingana nengxolo yesigaba se-relative yeeleser ezimbini zokuqala ezingadibaniyo.
Ukongeza, umthombo wesignali ye-microwave ebhekisayo unokuguqulwa zezinye imithombo yesignali ngokuphindaphindwa kwamaza, i-divisor frequency, okanye olunye ulungiso lwamaza, ukuze isignali ye-microwave esezantsi iphindwe kabini, okanye iguqulwe ibe ziisignali ze-RF, THz eziphindaphindwayo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nokutshixwa kwefrikhwensi yenaliti kunokufumana kuphela ukuphindaphindwa kwefrikhwensi, ii-loops ezitshixiweyo ngephase ziguquguquka ngakumbi, zinokuvelisa iifrekhwensi eziphantse zibe zezomntu, kwaye ewe zintsonkothile ngakumbi. Umzekelo, i-optical frequency comb eyenziwe yi-photoelectric modulator kuMfanekiso 2 isetyenziswa njengomthombo wokukhanya, kwaye i-optical phase-locked loop isetyenziselwa ukutshixa ngokukhetha ifrikhwensi yee-laser ezimbini kwizibonakaliso ze-optical comb ezimbini, ize emva koko ivelise izibonakaliso zefrikhwensi ephezulu ngokusebenzisa ifrikhwensi yomahluko, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4. I-f1 kunye ne-f2 ziifrikhwensi zesignali yesalathiso ze-PLLS ezimbini ngokulandelelana, kwaye isignali ye-microwave ye-N*frep+f1+f2 inokuveliswa yifrikhwensi yomahluko phakathi kwee-laser ezimbini.
Umfanekiso 4. Umzobo weskimu wokuvelisa amaza angaqhelekanga usebenzisa ii-optical frequency combs kunye ne-PLLS.
3. Sebenzisa i-mode-locked pulse laser ukuguqula i-optical pulse signal ibe yi-microwave signal ngokusebenzisaisixhobo sokubona iifoto.
Inzuzo ephambili yale ndlela kukuba isignali enozinzo oluhle kakhulu lwefrikhwensi kunye nengxolo yesigaba esiphantsi kakhulu inokufumaneka. Ngokuvala ifrikhwensi yelaser kwi-atomic kunye ne-molecular transition spectrum ezizinzileyo kakhulu, okanye i-optical cavity ezizinzileyo kakhulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-self-doubling double frequency elimination system frequency shift kunye nezinye iiteknoloji, sinokufumana isignali ye-optical pulse ezinzileyo kakhulu enefrikhwensi ezinzileyo kakhulu, ukuze sifumane isignali ye-microwave enengxolo yesigaba esiphantsi kakhulu. Umfanekiso 5.
Umfanekiso 5. Uthelekiso lwengxolo yesigaba esihambelanayo yemithombo eyahlukeneyo yesignali.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba izinga lokuphindaphinda kwe-pulse lihambelana ngokuphambeneyo nobude bomngxuma we-laser, kwaye i-laser yendabuko evaliweyo yinkulu, kunzima ukufumana imiqondiso ye-microwave ephindaphindayo ngokuthe ngqo. Ukongeza, ubungakanani, ubunzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-laser yendabuko ejikelezileyo, kunye neemfuno ezinzima zokusingqongileyo, zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo kakhulu kwilebhu. Ukuze koyiswe ezi ngxaki, uphando luqalile kutshanje eMelika naseJamani lusebenzisa iziphumo ezingezizo ezilandelelanayo ukuvelisa ii-optical combs ezizinzileyo kwi-optical cavities ezincinci kakhulu, ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezithi ke zona zivelise imiqondiso ye-microwave enomsindo ophantsi ophezulu.
4. i-opto electronic oscillator, Umfanekiso 6.
Umfanekiso 6. Umzobo weskemakhi we-oscillator edibeneyo ye-photoelectric.
Enye yeendlela zemveli zokuvelisa ii-microwave okanye ii-laser kukusebenzisa i-self-feedback closed loop, logama nje i-gain kwi-closed loop inkulu kunelahleko, i-self-excited oscillation inokuvelisa ii-microwave okanye ii-laser. Okukhona i-quality factor Q ye-closed loop iphezulu, kokukhona i-signal phase okanye i-frequency ingxolo evelisiweyo incinci. Ukuze kwandiswe i-quality factor ye-loop, indlela ethe ngqo kukwandisa ubude be-loop kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yokusasazeka. Nangona kunjalo, i-loop ende idla ngokuxhasa ukuveliswa kweendlela ezininzi ze-oscillation, kwaye ukuba kongezwa isihluzi se-bandwidth esincinci, isignali ye-microwave ye-low-frequency enye inokufunyanwa. I-photoelectric coupled oscillator ngumthombo wesignali ye-microwave osekelwe kule ngcamango, isebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zokulahleka kwe-low propagation ye-fiber, isebenzisa i-fiber ende ukuphucula ixabiso le-loop Q, inokuvelisa isignali ye-microwave enomsindo we-phase ophantsi kakhulu. Ukususela oko le ndlela yacetywayo ngeminyaka yoo-1990, olu hlobo lwe-oscillator lufumene uphando olubanzi kunye nophuhliso olukhulu, kwaye okwangoku kukho ii-oscillator ezidityanisiweyo ze-photoelectric zorhwebo. Kutshanje, ii-oscillator ze-photoelectric ezineefrequencies ezinokulungiswa kuluhlu olubanzi ziye zaphuhliswa. Ingxaki ephambili yemithombo yesignali ye-microwave esekwe kolu lwakhiwo kukuba iluphu inde, kwaye ingxolo kwi-free flow yayo (FSR) kunye ne-double frequency yayo iya kwanda kakhulu. Ukongeza, izinto ze-photoelectric ezisetyenziswayo zininzi, ixabiso liphezulu, ivolumu kunzima ukuyinciphisa, kwaye i-fiber ende inovelwano ngakumbi kukuphazamiseka kwendalo.
Oku kungasentla kwazisa ngokufutshane iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza imiqondiso ye-microwave nge-photoelectron, kunye neengenelo kunye nokungalungi kwazo. Okokugqibela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-photoelectrons ukuvelisa i-microwave kunenye inzuzo kukuba i-optical signal inokusasazwa nge-optical fiber ngokulahleka okuphantsi kakhulu, ukudluliselwa komgama omde kwi-terminal nganye yokusetyenziswa kwaye emva koko iguqulwe ibe yi-microwave signals, kwaye amandla okumelana nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic aphuculwe kakhulu kunezixhobo ze-elektroniki zemveli.
Ukubhalwa kweli nqaku kubhekiselele ikakhulu kulwazi, kwaye xa kudibene namava ophando lombhali kunye namava akhe kweli candelo, kukho ukungachaneki kunye nokungaqondi kakuhle, nceda uqonde.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-03-2024