I-microwave aptoelection, njengoko igama libonisa, kukuhlangana kwe-microwave kwayei-optoelectronics. Imicrowaves kunye namaza akhanyayo ngamaza ama-elektromagnetic, kwaye ii-frequency zizinto ezininzi zobukhulu obahlukileyo, kwaye amacandelo kunye neetekhnoloji eziphuhlisiweyo kumasimi abo ahluke kakhulu. Ngokudibeneyo, sinokuthatha ithuba, kodwa sinokufumana izicelo ezitsha kunye neempawu ekunzima ukuziqonda ngokulandelelana.
Unxibelelwano lwe-OpticalNgumzekelo ophambili wokudityaniswa kwee-microwaves kunye neefoto zefotokhwe. Unxibelelwano lwefowuni yokuqala kunye nonxibelelwano olungenazingcingo olungenazingcingo, isizukulwana, ukusasazwa kunye nokwamkela imiqondiso, zonke izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-microwave. Amaza aphantsi e-elektromagnetic asetyenziswa ekuqaleni kuba uluhlu lwe-frequency luncinci kwaye i-Channel Ithamsali yosulelo incinci. Isisombululo kukwandisa imvakathi yophawu olususiweyo, ukuphakama okuphezulu, kwizibonelelo ezingaphezulu. Kodwa umqondiso ophezulu oPhakamileyo kwilahleko yokulahleka komoya inkulu, kodwa kulula ukuba ithintelwe yimiqobo. Ukuba intambo isetyenziswa, ukuphulukana kwentambo kuphakathi, kwaye ukuhanjiswa komgama omde yingxaki. Ukuvela konxibelelwano lwe-filical filical sisisombululo esihle kwezi ngxaki.I-fiber officalUnelahleko yosulelo olusezantsi kakhulu kwaye unesidingo esihle sokuhambisa imiqondiso ngaphezulu kwemigama emide. Uluhlu lokuhamba kwamaza okukhanya lungaphezulu kwe-microwaves kwaye unokudlulisela iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Ngenxa yezi zibonelelo zeUkudluliselwa kwendawo, Unxibelelwano lwe-fiber oqingqiweyo lube ngumqolo wosulelo lolwazi lwanamhlanje.
Unxibelelwano lwekhephe lunembali ende, uphando kunye nesicelo lubanzi kakhulu kwaye luphakathi, apha asizukuthetha ngakumbi. Eli phepha lazisa ikakhulu umxholo wophando omtsha we-microwave ephezulu kwiminyaka yakutsha nje ngaphandle konxibelelwano olunjalo. I-microwave aptoelectronis ikakhulu isebenzisa iindlela kunye netekhnoloji kwicandelo le-optoelectronis njengomphathi wokuphucula kunye nokufezekisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ze-elektroniki. Ukusuka kwimbono yesicelo, kubandakanya le miba mithathu ilandelayo.
Eyokuqala kukusebenzisa i-optoelectrocys ukuvelisa ukusebenza kwee-right, imiqondiso ephantsi yengxolo, ukusuka kwi-X-band yonke indlela eya kwicandelo le-Thz.
Okwesibini, ukulungisa umqondiso we-microwave. Ukubandakanya ukulibaziseka, ukucoca, ukuguqulwa rhoqo, ukufumana njalo njalo.
Okwesithathu, ukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso ye-analog.
Kweli nqaku, umbhali wazisa kuphela icandelo lokuqala, isizukulwane somqondiso we-microwave. I-milwave ye-milwave ye-milwave ye-millimere iveliswe ikakhulu yi-III AMANQAKU EIYO. Ukusikelwa umda kwawo manqaku alandelayo: Okokuqala, ukuya kwi-RESTEENTES e-100gz ephezulu, i-microelectinics yemveli inokuvelisa amandla aphantsi kwaye angaphantsi, angenzi nto. Okwesibini, ukwenzela ukunciphisa ingxolo yesigaba kunye nokuphucula uzinzo kwi-frequency, isixhobo sokuqala kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo yobushushu ephantsi kakhulu. Okwesithathu, kunzima ukufikelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-frequency yemodyuli. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, itekhnoloji ye-optoectronict inokudlala indima. Iindlela eziphambili zichazwe ngezantsi.
I-1. Ngomahluko rhoqo wemiqondiso emibini eyahlukeneyo yokutsala, imizobo ephezulu kakhulu isetyenziselwa ukuguqula imiqondiso ye microwive, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 1.
Umzobo 1. Umzobo we-Schematic wee-microwaves eziveliswe ngumahluko wexesha ezimbinii-landlers.
Izibonelelo zale ndlela zisakhiwo esilula, zinokuvelisa i-millimitha ephezulu kakhulu ye-millimitha kunye ne-thz qual umqondiso, kwaye ngokuhlengahlengisa ireyitha ye-laser inokuqhuba uluhlu olukhulu lwe-frequency, ukutshayela rhoqo. Ukungancedisi kukuba ingxolo ye-nyerwidth okanye umqondiso wenqanaba lokutshintsha kwemiqondiso ye-laser ezimbini ezinxulumene ne-laser engahambelaniyo, kwaye uzinzo lwe-semioruncy aluphakami, ngakumbi ukuba isetyenzisiwe. Ukuba iimfuno ze-Systems yenkqubo ayiphezulu, ungasebenzisa ingxolo ephantsi (~ khz) i-lasers eqinileyo-rhulumente,I-fiber lars, i-cavity yangaphandleI-Semiconductor Lasers, njl. Ukongeza, iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zemiqondiso eveliswe kwi-laser ye-laser ye-laser ingekasetyenziswa ukuvelisa irejista yokusebenza, ukuze i-microwave yentsebenzo iphuculwe kakhulu.
I-2. Ukulungiselela ukusombulula ingxaki ukuba ii-lars ezimbini zendlela engahambelaniyo ayihambelani kwaye i-Inal yeSigaba seSigaba seSivakalisi ifunyenwe iphambili kwindlela yokutshixa i-Inations Umzobo 2 ubonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo kwenaliti yokutshixa kudala ukuvelisa ii-microwave suphi st (umzobo 2). Ngokuphathelele ngokuthe ngqo imiqondiso yangoku ye-Semiconductor: okanye ngokusebenzisa iMpuzi yeLinbho3, imiqondiso emininzi ye-Linbo3, imiqondiso ye-Linbo3 ye-Linbo3, imiqondiso emininzi ye-Linbo3, imiqondiso emininzi ye-Linbo3 ye-frequency enesithuba esilinganayo esinokulingana, okanye i-facquency ye-prequency. Ewe kunjalo, indlela eqhelekileyo esetyenzisiweyo yokufumana i-verctrium ye-prequency ye-Prequency ye-Prequelical yokusebenzisa i-commed lamer. Nawuphi na umqondiso emibini kwimveliso evelisiweyo yenziwayo ikhethiwe ngokucoca kwaye igcinwe eLaser 1 kunye ne-2 ngokulandelelana. Kuba isigaba esiphakathi kweMiqondiso eyahlukeneyo yokuCemala rhoqo sizinzile, ukuze isigaba sesalamane sizinzile, kwaye emva koko siyinto yomehluko njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, i-microwave yomenzi we-frequency yexabiso lokuphinda-phinda lifumaneke.
Umzobo 2. Umzobo we-Schematic we-microwave frequency ephindaphindwayo eveliswe yintsholongwane.
Enye indlela yokunciphisa ingxolo yenqanaba lesalamane se-lars ezimbini kukusebenzisa i-PLL yempendulo ye-PLEL, njengoko kubonisiwe kumzobo 3.
Umzobo 3. Umzobo we-Schematic of Opl.
Umgaqo we-Pll ye-PLEL uyafana ne-PLL kwicandelo le-elektroniki. Umahluko wenqanaba leendlela ezimbini uguqulwe ube ngumqondiso wombane ngumthombo weSigaba seSigaba seSigaba se-Microwave, kwaye emva koko waphinda wabuyela kwi-Lasers yoLawulo lwe-Microwave, i-Semiconductor Lasers). Ngomvulo onjalo weloop oloop, iSigaba seReftive phakathi kwemiqondiso emibini itshixiwe kumqondiso we-microwive. Umqondiso odibeneyo odibeneyo unokudluliselwa nge-fibers ye-optial kwifoto kwenye indawo kwaye iguqulwe yaba ngumqondiso we-microwave. Ingxolo yenqanaba le-pic lemiqondiso ye-microwave iphantse yafana nesalathiso esibonakalayo ngaphakathi kwebhendi yengxelo yeSigaba esijongene nayo. Ingxolo yenqanaba ngaphandle kwebhendi ilingana nengxolo yenqanaba lesizalwane sengxolo yabantu abanxibelelene.
Ukongeza, umthombo womqondiso we-microwave unokuguqulwa kweminye imithombo yophawu nge-RERQUM, okanye enye i-qusisor frequency, okanye enye i-frequency ye-microwave inokuthi ibe yi-RF, i-Thz imiqondiso.
Xa kuthelekiswa nenaliti yokutshixa i-frequency inokufumana kuphela ukuphindaphinda, i-Loops evaliweyo itshixiwe, inokuvelisa i-frequency frequency frequency, kwaye kunjalo. Umzekelo, umxholo we-optical of Recturency oveliswe yiMpuma yeFowuni kwi-10 isetyenziswa njengoMthombo wokukhanya, kwaye uvelisa imiqondiso ye-4. I-microwave isibonakaliso se-N * frep + F1 + F2 inokuveliswa ngumahluko rhoqo phakathi kweendlela ezimbini.
Umzobo 4. Umzobo we-Schematic wokuvelisa i-frequed frequeds usebenzisa i-Prequency Conbs kunye neePP.
I-3. Sebenzisa i-Pulse evaliweyo evaliweyo ukuguqula i-pulsecal pulsen kwi-microwave yomqondisoifoto.
Eyona nto iphambili yale ndlela kukuba umqondiso ngokuzinza ngokuhamba kwe-frequency kakhulu kunye nengxolo ephantsi kakhulu yengxolo inokufunyanwa. Ngokutshixa rhoqo kwe-laser kwi-Atomic ye-Atomic kunye ne-Molecular Spectrum, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweyona ndlela iphindaphindiweyo ye-fresed shift shift shift shift shop ephindaphindiweyo kunye nengxolo ye-microwave yengxolo ye-iltra. Umzobo 5.
Umzobo 5. Uthelekiso lweSigaba seSiseko seSiseko sengxolo yemithombo yolwazi eyahlukileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba izinga lokuphindaphinda ukuphindaphinda ikakhulu kubude be-cavity ye-laser, kunye ne-laser evaliweyo yemveli inkulu, kunzima ukufumana imiqondiso ephezulu ye-microwave ngqo. Ukongeza, ubungakanani, ubunzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okutsala abaseseyini, kunye neemfuno zemo engqongileyo, zibeke umda kwizicelo zazo zelebhoratri. Ukoyisa obu bunzima, uphando kutshanje luqale eUnited States naseJamani besebenzisa iziphumo ze-nolin ukuze kuveliswe imiqondiso ye-chirb ephantsi kakhulu, enobude obungaphezulu kwengxolo yengxolo.
4. I-Oscillator ye-Optoloc, umzobo 6.
Umzobo 6. Umzobo we-Schematic weFopilator edityanisiweyo.
Enye yeendlela zemveli zokuvelisa okanye i-lasers kukusebenzisa i-loop evaliweyo, lo gama nje ukuba inzuzo kwi-lop evaliweyo inkulu kune-ilahleko, i-isporation yochulumanco inokuvelisa i-microwaves okanye i-issers. Ukuphakama komgangatho we-Q ye-loop evaliweyo, incinci iSigaba seSignaniso esiVumelayo okanye ingxolo ye-frequency. Ukwenzela ukwandisa izinto ezisemgangathweni zelog, indlela ethe ngqo kukonyusa ubude beloop kwaye unciphise ilahleko yokulahleka. Nangona kunjalo, ilogo elide lihlala lixhasa isizukulwana sexesha elininzi le-oscinciction, kwaye ukuba isihluzi se-band-will yongezwa, i-frequency engapheliyo yengxolo yengxolo yengxolo yengxolo inokufunyanwa. Ifoto ye-Oscillator i-Oscillator i-Oscillator ingumthombo womqondiso we-microwave ngokusekwe kolu luvo lwe-fiber's subres, esebenzisa i-fiber epheleleyo ye-fiber ye-fiber ephantsi, esebenzisa i-fiber ende ephantsi, isebenzisa umqondiso we-fibeve yokuphucula ixabiso le-MARMWAVE. Kuba le ndlela yacetywayo ngo-1990, olu hlobo lwe-ossillator lufumene uphando olubanzi kunye nophuhliso oluninzi, kwaye okwangoku kukho ifowni ye-oscillators. Kutshanje, iifoto ze-fotoctrillators ezinokuphinda zilungiswe ngaphezulu koluhlu olubanzi. Eyona ngxaki iphambili kwimithombo yemiqondiso ye-microwave esekwe kolu uyilo kukuba i-lop ide, kwaye ingxolo ekuhambeni yasimahla (FSR) kunye ne-frequency yayo iya kunyuswa kakhulu. Ukongeza, izinto zefoto ezisetyenzisiweyo zininzi, iindleko ziphezulu, ivolumu kunzima ukunciphisa, kwaye i-fiber ende inobuthathaka kakhulu kuphazamisa ukuphazamiseka kwendalo.
Oku kungasentla kwazisa ngokufutshane iindlela ezininzi zefoto zefotfelectroni kwimiqondiso ye-microwave, kunye nezibonelelo zabo kunye nezinto zabo ezingalunganga. Okokugqibela, ukusetyenziswa kweefoto ze-microwave kunelinye i-microwive kukuba isibonakaliso esingapheliyo sinokusasazwa nge-fiber yokuphazamiseka, kwaye siye saguqulelwa kumqondiso ngamnye siphucukileyo, kwaye siye saguqulwa sibe sinezimpawu ze-Electromagnetic siphuculwe kakhulu kunezixhobo ze-elektroniki.
Ukubhalwa kweli nqaku ikakhulu kubhekiselelwa, kwaye kudityaniswa namava ombhali kunye namava awombhali kule ntsimi, kukho ukungachaneki kunye nokungafikeleli, nceda uqonde.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJan-03-2024