Kutshanje, i-Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences iqalise i-eXawatt Center for Extreme Light Study (XCELS), inkqubo yophando lwezixhobo zesayensi ezinkulu ezisekelwe kwi-extremelyiileser ezinamandla aphezuluLe projekthi ibandakanya ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esincinci kakhului-laser enamandla aphezuluisekelwe kwitekhnoloji yokukhulisa i-pulse echirped ye-optical parametric kwi-large aperture potassium dideuterium phosphate (DKDP, i-chemical formula KD2PO4) crystals, kunye nemveliso iyonke elindelekileyo ye-600 PW peak power pulses. Lo msebenzi ubonelela ngeenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kunye neziphumo zophando malunga neprojekthi ye-XCELS kunye neenkqubo zayo ze-laser, ichaza usetyenziso kunye nefuthe elinokubakho elinxulumene nokusebenzisana kwentsimi yokukhanya okunamandla kakhulu.
Inkqubo ye-XCELS yacetywayo ngo-2011 ngenjongo yokuqala yokufikelela kumandla aphezulu.ilezaI-pulse output ye-200 PW, okwangoku iphuculwe ukuya kwi-600 PW.inkqubo yelaserixhomekeke kwiiteknoloji ezintathu eziphambili:
(1) Kusetyenziswa iteknoloji ye-Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification (OPCPA) endaweni yeteknoloji ye-Chirped Pulse Amplification (Chirped Pulse Amplification, OPCPA). CPA yendabuko;
(2) Ukusebenzisa i-DKDP njenge-gain medium, ukufanisa i-ultra wideband phase kufunyanwa kufutshane ne-910 nm wavelength;
(3) Ilaser yeglasi ye-neodymium enkulu evulekileyo enegunya lokubetha lamawaka eejoules isetyenziselwa ukupompa i-parametric amplifier.
Ukufaniswa kwesigaba se-Ultra-wideband kufumaneka kakhulu kwiikristale ezininzi kwaye kusetyenziswa kwi-OPCPA femtosecond lasers. Iikristale ze-DKDP zisetyenziswa kuba zezona zinto zifumanekayo ekusebenzeni ezinokukhuliswa zibe ziisentimitha ezilishumi ze-aperture kwaye kwangaxeshanye zineempawu ezifanelekileyo zokukhanya ukuxhasa ukwandiswa kwamandla e-multi-PW.iileyizaKufunyaniswe ukuba xa ikristale ye-DKDP iphonswa sisibane esiphindwe kabini se-ND glass laser, ukuba ubude bomphezulu we-carrier we-amplified pulse yi-910 nm, amaxesha amathathu okuqala e-Taylor expansion ye-wave vector mismatch yi-0.
Umfanekiso 1 luyilo olucwangcisiweyo lwenkqubo yelaser ye-XCELS. Isiphelo esingaphambili sivelise ii-chirped femtosecond pulses ezine-wavelength ephakathi ye-910 nm (1.3 kuMfanekiso 1) kunye nee-nanosecond pulses ze-1054 nm ezifakwe kwi-OPCPA pumped laser (1.1 kunye ne-1.2 kuMfanekiso 1). Isiphelo esingaphambili sikwaqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwezi pulses kunye namandla afunekayo kunye neeparameter ze-spatiotemporal. I-OPCPA ephakathi esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu sokuphindaphinda (1 Hz) yandisa i-chirped pulse ukuya kwi-ten of joules (2 kuMfanekiso 1). I-pulse ikhuliswa ngakumbi yi-Booster OPCPA ibe yi-kilojoule beam enye kwaye yahlulwe yaba zii-sub-beams ezili-12 ezifanayo (4 kuMfanekiso 1). Kwi-OPCPA yokugqibela eyi-12, nganye kwezi pulses zokukhanya ezi-chirped ezili-12 inyuswa ukuya kwinqanaba le-kilojoule (5 kuMfanekiso 1) ize icinezelwe zii-compression gratings ezili-12 (GC eziyi-6 kuMfanekiso 1). Isihluzi se-acousto-optic esicwangcisiweyo se-dispersion sisetyenziswa kwicala elingaphambili ukulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-group velocity dispersion kunye ne-high order dispersion, ukuze kufunyanwe ububanzi be-pulse obuncinci kangangoko. I-pulse spectrum inomfanekiso we-supergauss ye-12th order, kwaye i-spectral bandwidth kwi-1% yexabiso eliphezulu yi-150 nm, ehambelana nobubanzi be-Fourier transform limit pulse be-17 fs. Ukuqwalasela i-incomplement dispersion engaphelelanga kunye nobunzima be-nonlinear phase compensation kwi-parametric amplifiers, ububanzi be-pulse obulindelweyo yi-20 fs.
I-laser ye-XCELS iza kusebenzisa iimodyuli ezimbini ze-UFL-2M neodymium glass frequency doubling ezimbini (3 kuMfanekiso 1), apho iitshaneli ezili-13 ziza kusetyenziswa ukupompa i-Booster OPCPA kunye ne-12 final OPCPA. Ezitshaneli ezintathu eziseleyo ziza kusetyenziswa njenge-nanosecond kilojoule ezizimeleyo ezivulwe nge-pulsed.imithombo yelezakwezinye iimvavanyo. Ilinganiselwe ngumda wokuqhekeka kwe-optical weekristale ze-DKDP, amandla okukhanyiswa kwe-pulse epomped amiselwe kwi-1.5 GW/cm2 kwitshaneli nganye kwaye ubude bayo yi-3.5 ns.
Itshaneli nganye ye-laser ye-XCELS ivelisa iipulse ezinamandla angama-50 PW. Iitshaneli ezili-12 zizonke zibonelela ngamandla okukhupha angama-600 PW. Kwigumbi eliphambili elijolise kulo, amandla okugxila aphezulu kwitshaneli nganye phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo yi-0.44 × 1025 W/cm2, kucingelwa ukuba izinto ezijolise kwi-F/1 zisetyenziselwa ukugxila. Ukuba i-pulse yetshaneli nganye icinezelwe ngakumbi kwi-2.6 fs ngokusebenzisa indlela yoxinzelelo emva koxinzelelo, amandla okukhupha ahambelanayo aya kwandiswa aye kwi-230 PW, ahambelana namandla okukhanya angama-2.0 × 1025 W/cm2.
Ukuze kufezekiswe amandla okukhanya aphezulu, kwi-600 PW output, ii-light pulses kwi-12 channels ziya kujoliswa kwi-geometry ye-inverse dipole radiation, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Xa i-pulse phase kwi-channel nganye ingatshixwanga, amandla okugxila angafikelela kwi-9 × 1025 W/cm2. Ukuba i-pulse phase nganye itshixiwe kwaye ihambelana, amandla okukhanya ahambelanayo aya kwandiswa abe yi-3.2 × 1026 W/cm2. Ukongeza kwigumbi eliphambili ekujoliswe kulo, iprojekthi ye-XCELS ibandakanya iilabhoratri zabasebenzisi ezili-10, nganye ifumana i-beam enye okanye ngaphezulu kwiimvavanyo. Isebenzisa le ntsimi yokukhanya enamandla kakhulu, iprojekthi ye-XCELS iceba ukwenza iimvavanyo kwiindidi ezine: iinkqubo ze-quantum electrodynamics kwiindaza ze-laser ezinamandla; Ukuveliswa kunye nokukhawuleziswa kwamasuntswana; Ukuveliswa kwemitha yesibini ye-electromagnetic; i-astrophysics yelabhoratri, iinkqubo zoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye nophando lokuxilonga.
UMZOBO 2 Ijiyometri yokugxila kwigumbi eliphambili ekujoliswe kulo. Ukuze kucace, isibuko esifana nesaboli se-beam 6 simiselwe ukuba sibonakale, kwaye imiqadi yokufaka kunye neyokukhupha ibonisa imijelo emibini kuphela 1 kunye 7
Umfanekiso 3 ubonisa ulwakhiwo lwendawo nganye yokusebenza kwenkqubo yelaser ye-XCELS kwisakhiwo sovavanyo. Umbane, iipompo ze-vacuum, unyango lwamanzi, ukucoca kunye ne-air conditioning zifumaneka kwi-basement. Indawo yokwakha iyonke ingaphezulu kwe-24,000 m2. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla iyonke malunga ne-7.5 MW. Isakhiwo sovavanyo siqulathe isakhelo sangaphakathi esingenanto kunye necandelo langaphandle, ngalinye lakhiwe kwiziseko ezibini ezidibeneyo. I-vacuum kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezibangela ukungcangcazela zifakwe kwisiseko esizimeleyo sokungcangcazela, ukuze ubukhulu bokuphazamiseka okudluliselwe kwinkqubo yelaser ngesiseko kunye nenkxaso buncitshiswe bube ngaphantsi kwe-10-10 g2/Hz kuluhlu lwamaza oluyi-1-200 Hz. Ukongeza, inethiwekhi yee-geodesic reference markers imiselwe kwiholo yelaser ukuze ijonge ngokucwangcisiweyo ukutyibilika komhlaba kunye nezixhobo.
Iprojekthi ye-XCELS ijolise ekudaleni indawo enkulu yophando lwesayensi esekelwe kwiilaser zamandla aphezulu kakhulu. Itshaneli enye yenkqubo yelaser ye-XCELS inokubonelela ngokukhanya okugxileyo okuphindwe kaninzi kune-1024 W/cm2, okunokudlula ngaphezulu kwe-1025 W/cm2 ngetekhnoloji ye-post-compression. Ngee-pulses ezijolise kwi-dipole ezivela kwiitshaneli ezili-12 kwinkqubo yelaser, amandla asondele kwi-1026 W/cm2 anokufezekiswa nokuba ngaphandle koxinzelelo lwe-post-compression kunye nokutshixa kwesigaba. Ukuba ulungelelwaniso lwesigaba phakathi kweetshaneli luvaliwe, amandla okukhanya aya kuba phezulu kaninzi. Sisebenzisa la mandla okubetha kwerekhodi kunye noyilo lwe-multi-channel beam, isikhungo se-XCELS sexesha elizayo siya kukwazi ukwenza iimvavanyo ngamandla aphezulu kakhulu, ukusasazwa kwentsimi yokukhanya okuntsonkothileyo, kunye nokuxilonga ukusebenzisana kusetyenziswa imisebe yelaser ye-multi-channel kunye ne-secondary radiation. Oku kuya kudlala indima ekhethekileyo kwicandelo le-super-strong electromagnetic field experiment physics.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-26-2024