I-LiNbO3 intensity modulator isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-high-speed optical communication system, i-laser sensing kunye ne-ROF systems ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwe-electro-optic. Uluhlu lwe-R-AM olusekelwe kwisakhiwo se-MZ se-pull-pull kunye ne-X-cut design, ineempawu ezizinzileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe zombini kwiimvavanyo zebhubhoratri kunye neenkqubo zoshishino.