I-LiNbO3 intensity modulator (imodyuli ye-mach-zehnder) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkqubo yonxibelelwano olukhawulezayo, i-laser sensing kunye ne-ROF systems ngenxa ye-electro-optic effect. Uchungechunge lwe-R-AM olusekelwe kwisakhiwo se-MZ kunye noyilo lwe-X-cut, luneempawu ezizinzileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe zombini kwiimvavanyo zebhubhoratri kunye neenkqubo zoshishino.