I-Optocouplers, edibanisa iisekethe zisebenzisa imiqondiso ye-optical njengendlela ephakathi, yinto esebenzayo kwiindawo apho ukuchaneka okuphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu, njenge-acoustics, iyeza kunye noshishino, ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphezulu kunye nokuthembeka, njengokuqina kunye nokugquma.
Kodwa nini kwaye phantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho i-optocoupler isebenza, kwaye yintoni umgaqo osemva kwayo? Okanye xa usebenzisa ifotocoupler kumsebenzi wakho we-elektroniki, usenokungazi ukuba ungayikhetha njani kwaye uyisebenzise njani. Ngenxa yokuba i-optocoupler ihlala ibhidaniswa ne "phototransistor" kunye ne "photodiode". Ke ngoko, yintoni ifotocoupler iya kwaziswa kweli nqaku.
Yintoni ifotocoupler?
I-optocoupler licandelo lombane eline-etymology ye-optical
coupler, elithetha “ukudibanisa nokukhanya.” Ngamanye amaxesha ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-optocoupler, isolator yamehlo, ukugqunywa kwamehlo, njl njl. Ibandakanya ukukhanya okukhuphayo kunye nokukhanya okufunyenweyo, kwaye idibanisa igalelo lesekethe yecala kunye nemveliso yesekethe yecala ngokusebenzisa umqondiso we-optical. Akukho nxibelelwano lombane phakathi kwezi sekethe, ngamanye amazwi, kwimeko yokugquma. Ngoko ke, uxhulumaniso lwesekethe phakathi kwegalelo kunye nesiphumo luhluke kwaye kuphela umqondiso uhanjiswa. Ngokukhuselekileyo ukudibanisa iisekethe ezineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kunye namanqanaba ombane ophumayo, kunye nokufakelwa kwamandla ombane aphezulu phakathi kwegalelo kunye nemveliso.
Ukongeza, ngokuthumela okanye ukuvimba lo mqondiso wokukhanya, usebenza njengokutshintsha. Umgaqo ocacileyo kunye nomatshini uya kuchazwa kamva, kodwa into ekhupha ukukhanya kwefotocoupler yi-LED (i-light emitting diode).
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960 ukuya kowe-1970, xa kwaveliswa iilethi kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji yayibalulekile,optoelectronicsyaba yimpumelelo. Ngelo xesha, ezahlukeneyoizixhobo zamehlozayilwa, kwaye i-coupler yefoto yombane yayingomnye wabo. Emva koko, ii-optoelectronics zangena ngokukhawuleza kubomi bethu.
① Umgaqo/inkqubo
Umgaqo we-optocoupler kukuba i-element ekhupha ukukhanya iguqula i-input signal signal ibe kukukhanya, kunye ne-light-receiving element idlulisela ukukhanya kombane kombane kwi-output side circuit. Ukukhanya okukhuphayo kunye nokukhanya okufunyanwayo kungaphakathi kwibhloko yokukhanya kwangaphandle, kwaye ezi zimbini zichasene ukuze zidlulise ukukhanya.
I-semiconductor esetyenziswe kwizinto ezikhupha ukukhanya yi-LED (i-light-emitting diode). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-semiconductors ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokufumana ukukhanya, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yokusetyenziswa, ubungakanani bangaphandle, ixabiso, njl., Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-phototransistor.
Xa ingasebenzi, ii-phototransistors zithwala kancinci okwangoku ezenziwa zii-semiconductors eziqhelekileyo. Xa isiganeko sokukhanya apho, i-phototransistor ivelisa amandla e-photoelectromotive ebusweni be-P-type semiconductor kunye ne-N-type semiconductor, imingxuma kwi-N-type semiconductor igeleza kummandla we-p, i-electron semiconductor yamahhala kummandla we-p ihamba. kummandla n, kwaye umsinga uya kuhamba.
Iifototransistors aziphenduli njenge-photodiodes, kodwa nazo zinefuthe lokukhulisa imveliso ukuya kumakhulu ukuya kumaxesha angama-1,000 uphawu lokufaka (ngenxa yendawo yombane yangaphakathi). Ke ngoko, banovelwano ngokwaneleyo ukuba bathathe nemiqondiso ebuthathaka, eyinzuzo.
Enyanisweni, "i-blocker yokukhanya" esiyibonayo sisixhobo sombane esinomgaqo ofanayo kunye nendlela.
Nangona kunjalo, iziphazamisi zokukhanya zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengezoluvo kwaye zenze indima yazo ngokudlula into yokuthintela ukukhanya phakathi kwento ekhupha ukukhanya kunye neyokufumana ukukhanya. Umzekelo, ingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa iingqekembe zemali kunye namanqaku ebhanki koomatshini bokuthengisa kunye nee-ATM.
② Iimpawu
Ekubeni i-optocoupler idlulisela izibonakaliso ngokukhanya, ukugquma phakathi kwecala lokufaka kunye necala lokuphuma liyinto enkulu. Ukugquma okuphezulu akuchatshazelwa lula yingxolo, kodwa kwakhona kuthintela ukuhamba kwangoku ngengozi phakathi kweesekethe ezikufutshane, ezisebenza ngokugqithisileyo ngokubhekiselele kukhuseleko. Kwaye isakhiwo ngokwaso silula kwaye sinengqiqo.
Ngenxa yembali yayo ende, uluhlu lwemveliso etyebileyo lwabavelisi abahlukeneyo luyinzuzo ekhethekileyo ye-optocouplers. Ngenxa yokuba akukho kudibana komzimba, ukunxiba phakathi kwamalungu kuncinci, kwaye ubomi bude. Kwelinye icala, kukwakho neempawu zokuba ukukhanya okukhanyayo kulula ukuguquguquka, kuba i-LED iya kuhla kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye notshintsho lobushushu.
Ngokukodwa xa icandelo langaphakathi leplastiki ebonakalayo ixesha elide, libe namafu, alinako ukukhanya okulungileyo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ubomi bude kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa noqhagamshelwano loqhagamshelwano loqhagamshelwano lomatshini.
Iifototransistors ngokuqhelekileyo zicotha kuneefotodiode, ngoko ke azisetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana ngesantya esiphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, oku ayisiyonto ingalunganga, njengoko amanye amacandelo aneesekethe zokwandisa kwicala lemveliso ukunyusa isantya. Ngapha koko, ayizizo zonke iisekethe ze-elektroniki ezifuna ukonyusa isantya.
③ Ukusetyenziswa
Iifoto zombane ezidibanisayoikakhulu zisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha ukusebenza. Isekethe iya kunikwa amandla ngokuguqula ukutshintshela, kodwa ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga iimpawu ezingentla apha, ngokukodwa ukufakwa kwe-insulation kunye nobomi obude, kuhambelana kakuhle neemeko ezifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu. Umzekelo, ingxolo lutshaba lwezixhobo ze-elektroniki zonyango kunye nezixhobo zomsindo / izixhobo zonxibelelwano.
Ikwasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuqhuba iimoto. Isizathu semoto kukuba isantya silawulwa yi-inverter xa iqhutywe, kodwa ivelisa ingxolo ngenxa yemveliso ephezulu. Le ngxolo ayiyi kubangela kuphela i-motor ngokwayo ukuba ingaphumeleli, kodwa iphinde ihambe "emhlabeni" ochaphazela i-peripherals. Ngokukodwa, izixhobo ezinocingo olude zilula ukuthabatha le ngxolo ephezulu yokukhupha, ngoko ke ukuba kwenzeka kwifektri, kuya kubangela ilahleko enkulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kubangele izingozi ezinzulu. Ngokusebenzisa ii-optocouplers ezigqunywe kakhulu zokutshintsha, impembelelo kwezinye iisekethe kunye nezixhobo zinokuncitshiswa.
Okwesibini, indlela yokukhetha nokusebenzisa ii-optocouplers
Indlela yokusebenzisa i-optocoupler efanelekileyo kwisicelo kuyilo lwemveliso? Ezi njineli zilandelayo zophuhliso lwe-microcontroller ziya kuchaza indlela yokukhetha nokusebenzisa ii-optocouplers.
① Soloko uvula kwaye usoloko uvala
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zeefotocouplers: uhlobo apho iswitshi icinyiwe (cinyiwe) xa kungekho mbane isetyenziswayo, uhlobo apho iswitshi ivuliwe (cinyiwe) xa kusetyenziswa i-voltage, kunye nohlobo apho iswitshi ivuliwe. iyavulwa xa kungekho mbane. Faka isicelo kwaye ucime xa kusetyenziswa i-voltage.
Eyangaphambili ibizwa ngokuba ngokuqhelekileyo ivuliwe, kwaye le yokugqibela ibizwa ngokuba ngokuqhelekileyo ivaliwe. Indlela yokukhetha, okokuqala kuxhomekeke kuhlobo luni lwesiphaluka olufunayo.
② Jonga imveliso yangoku kunye ne-voltage esetyenzisiweyo
Iifotocouplers zinepropathi yokukhulisa umqondiso, kodwa ungasoloko udlula kwi-voltage kunye nangoku ngokuthanda. Ewe kunjalo, ilinganisiwe, kodwa i-voltage kufuneka isetyenziswe ukusuka kwicala lokufaka ngokuhambelana nesiphumo esifunwayo sangoku.
Ukuba sibheka kwiphepha ledatha yemveliso, sinokubona itshathi apho i-axis ethe nkqo yimveliso yangoku (umqokeleli wangoku) kunye ne-horizontal axis yi-voltage input (i-collector-emitter voltage). Umqokeleli wangoku uyahluka ngokwamandla okukhanya kwe-LED, ngoko ke sebenzisa i-voltage ngokwemveliso efunekayo yangoku.
Nangona kunjalo, unokucinga ukuba imveliso yangoku ibalwa apha incinci ngokumangalisayo. Eli lixabiso langoku elinokuthi likwazi ukukhutshwa ngokuthembekileyo emva kokuthathela ingqalelo ukuwohloka kwe-LED ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke ingaphantsi komgangatho ophezulu.
Ngokuchasene noko, kukho iimeko apho imveliso yangoku ayinkulu. Ngoko ke, xa ukhetha i-optocoupler, qiniseka ukuba uhlolisise "imveliso yangoku" kwaye ukhethe imveliso ehambelana nayo.
③ Ubuninzi bangoku
Ubuninzi be-conductive current yixabiso eliphezulu langoku elinokuthi i-optocoupler inokumelana nayo xa iqhuba. Kwakhona, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba siyayazi ukuba ingakanani imveliso efunwa yiprojekthi kwaye yintoni igalelo lombane phambi kokuba sithenge. Qinisekisa ukuba ixabiso eliphezulu kunye nelo elisetyenziswayo ngoku aliyiyo imida, kodwa kukho umda othile.
④ Seta ifotocouple ngokuchanekileyo
Ukukhetha i-optocoupler efanelekileyo, masiyisebenzise kwiprojekthi yokwenyani. Ufakelo ngokwalo lulula, vele udibanise ii-terminals eziqhagamshelwe kwisekethe yecala ngalinye legalelo kunye nesekethe yecala lemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba kungabikho misorient kwicala lokufaka kunye necala lokuphuma. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ujonge iisimboli kwitafile yedatha, ukuze ungafumani ukuba unyawo lwefotoelectric coupler lungalunganga emva kokuzoba ibhodi yePCB.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-29-2023