Amagqabantshintshi ee-optics ze-optics kunye ne-nofics
Ngokusekwe kunxibelelwano lokukhanya malunga nomba, iip optics zinokwahlulwa zangaphantsi kwee-optics zomgca (i-LO) kunye nee-optics (NLO). I-optics yelayini (i-LO) sisiseko se-optics ye-optics, egxile kunxibelelwano olunomgangatho wokukhanya. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-optics ye-onliner (i-NLO) yenzeka xa ukuqaqamba kokukhanya akuxhomekeki ngqo kwimeko yokuphendula kwezinto, ngakumbi phantsi kweendlela ezinamagqabi aphezulu, njengee-lars.
I-intanethi ye-otics (LO)
Kwi-LO, ukukhanya kudibana nawo ngombindi wezinto eziphantsi, kubandakanya i-photon nganye nganye yeatom okanye imolekyuli. Olu nxibelelwano lubangela ukugqwetha elincinci leatom okanye imeko yemolekyuli, ukuhlala imeko yayo yendalo, engaphazanyiswa. Umgaqo osisiseko kwi-LO kukuba i-ripole ikhutshwe yintsimi yombane ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kumandla entsimi. Ke ngoko, qaphela imithetho-siseko yezinto ezibekekileyo kunye nokongezwa. Umgaqo oPhezulu uthi xa inkqubo iphantsi kwamaza amaninzi e-elektromagnetic, impendulo iyonke ilingana nempendulo yomntu ngamnye. Ukongeza ngokufanayo kubonisa ngokufanayo ukuba impendulo yonke yenkqubo yokuhamba-hamba iye imiselwe ngokudibanisa iimpendulo zezinto zayo. I-intanethi kwi-LO ifane ngokuziphatha okukhanyayo kuhlala kusoloko kuguquka njengenguqulelo yengqolowa-ikhutshiwe ihambelana negalelo. Ukongeza, e-LO, akukho mxube wokuphinda uxutywe, ngoko ke ukuqaqamba okuphumelelayo kwinkqubo enjalo kugcina isantya saso nokuba iphinde ikhule okanye iguqulwe kwinqanaba. Imizekelo ye-LO ibandakanya ukusebenzisana kokukhanya ngezinto ezibonakalayo ezinjengeelensi, izibuko, iipleyiti, kunye nemincili yokuhluka.
I-Applics ye-notliner (NLO)
I-NLO ihlulelwe yimpendulo yayo engafakwanga ukukhanya, ngakumbi phantsi kweemeko eziphezulu zokukhupha apho iziphumo zingafaniyo kumandla egalelo. I-NLO, iifoto ezininzi zinxibelelana nezinto ezifanayo, ezikhokelela ekuxubeni ukukhanya kunye notshintsho kwisalathiso sokuqaqamba. Ngokungafaniyo ne-LO, apho indlela yokuziphatha yokukhanya ihlala ingaguqukiyo ngokungakhathali, ifuthe le-nonline libonakala kuphela kwiingqongqo ezigqithisileyo. Ngabobunzulu, imigaqo eqhelekileyo ilawula ukuhlangana okukhanya, njengokungaqhelekanga komgaqo, akusasebenzi, kwaye nkqu ne-vacuum ngokwayo inokuziphatha ngendlela engeyiyo. Ukungathobeli kwintsebenzo phakathi kokukhanya kunye nomcimbi kuvumela intsebenzo phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya, okukhokelela kwi-phenomena efana nesizukulwana esilinganayo, kunye nesizukulwana sobuso kunye nomahluko rhoqo. Ukongeza, oovickili benganeli bandakanya iinkqubo zeparametric apho amandla okukhanya afakwa khona ukuvelisa ii-freequency ezintsha, njengoko kubonwa kwi-parmmetric andpliption kunye ne-osciciction. Elinye inqaku elibalulekileyo kukungasebenzi ngokwakhe isigaba, apho inqanaba lokukhanya litshintshwa ngamandla alo-impembelelo edlala indima ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano olulandelayo.
Unxibelelwano lwe-Lokhankanya
Kwi-gon, xa ukukhanya kudibana nomxholo, impendulo yesixhobo ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kubunzulu bokukhanya. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-NLO ibandakanya izinto ezisabela ngaphandle kubunzulu bokukhanya, kodwa nakwindlela ezinzima ngakumbi. Xa ukukhanya okuphezulu kubetha umxholo we-nonline, inokuvelisa imibala entsha okanye itshintshe ukukhanya ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga. Umzekelo, ukukhanya okubomvu kunokuguqulwa kube yindawo eluhlaza kuba impendulo yezinto ezibonakalayo ibandakanya okungaphezulu kotshintsho olulinganayo-lubandakanya ukuphindaphinda okanye ezinye iindlela ezinzima. Oku kuziphatha kukhokelela kwiseti entsonkothileyo yeempembelelo zokuphuma ezingabonwanga kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo.
Izicelo zosetyenziso lwendlela yelayibrari kunye ne-nonlicar yokukhanya
I-LO igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwetekhnoloji esetyenziswa kakhulu, kubandakanya iilensi, izibuko, iipleyiti, kunye nemincili yokuhluka. Inika isakhelo esilula nenokubakho sokuqonda indlela yokuziphatha kokukhanya kwiinkqubo ze-optical. Izixhobo ezinje ngeShishini leSigaba kunye ne-Beam Splitters zihlala zisetyenziswa e-LO, kwaye intsimi ivele kwindawo apho imijikelezi ye-LOL ivele khona. Ezi ziphaluka ngoku zibonwa njengezixhobo ezininzi ezisebenzayo, nezicelo kwiindawo ezifana ne-microwave kunye neyokuphumeza i-microwail kunye nenkqubo ye-bioheurtics yekhompyuter. I-NLO intsha kwaye itshintshe iindawo ezahlukeneyo ngezicelo zawo ezahlukeneyo. Kwintsimi yefowuni, idlala indima ephambili kwiinkqubo ze-fiber optic, echaphazela imida yothungelwano yedatha njengokubalulekileyo yamandla enyuka. Izixhobo zokuhlalutya zixhamla kwi-NLO kwiindlela eziphezulu ze-microscopy ezifana ne-microscopy ye-confocal, ebonelela ngesisombululo esiphezulu, ingcinga yasekhaya. I-NLO ikwaphucula i-LASERS ngokunika amandla okuphuhliswa kweendlela ezintsha kunye nokuguqula iipropathi ezibonakalayo. Ikwaphucule iindlela zokwenza ingcinga yokusetyenziswa kwamayeza ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezifana nesizukulwana esimnandi kunye ne-Photon-Fluorescence. Kwi-biophotonics, i-NLO iququzelela ukucinga okunzulu kwezicubu ezinomonakalo omncinci kwaye ibonelela ngelebheli yangaphambi kwe-biochemical yasimahla. Intsimi inetekhnoloji ye-terahertz, esenza ukuba ivelise i-terahert eninzi ye-terahert. Ngeziphumo zenani le-Quam, ifuthe lokungathobeli lilungiselela unxibelelwano lwe-4 ngokulungiselela abaguquli bexesha elijikelezayo kwaye bafaka i-PEMO Thoton elinganayo. Ukongeza, i-NLO intsha kwi-nillouin isayerteting incedise ekusebenzeni kweMicrowave yokulungisa kunye nokukhanya kwesigaba sokukhanya. Lilonke, i-NLO iyaqhubeka ukutyhala imida yetekhnoloji kunye nophando kuyo yonke imihla yoluleko.
Ilayini kunye ne-optics ye-nonline kunye nefuthe labo kwiitekhnoloji eziphambili
Iimpawu ze-optics play Indima ephambili kwizicelo zemihla ngemihla kunye netekhnoloji yokuqala. I-LO ibonelela ngesiseko seenkqubo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo ezaziqhelekileyo, ngelixa iqhuba izinto ezintsha kwiindawo ezifana nonxibelelwano, i-microscopy, itekhnoloji ye-laser, kunye ne-biophotonics. Inkqubela-phambili yakutshanje kwi-NLO, ngakumbi njengoko zinxulumene nezinto ezimbini ezinesibini, zifumene ingqalelo eninzi ngenxa yenkqubo yemveliso yemveliso kunye nesayensi. Izazinzulu zikwahlolisisa izixhobo zangoku njengamachaphaza amachaphaza ngohlalutyo lwelayini yelayini kunye ne-nonlic. Njengoko inkqubela phambili yophando, ukuqonda kwe-LO kunye no-NLO kubalulekile ekutyhafeni imida yetekhnoloji kunye nokwandisa amathuba okwazisa isayensi.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-11 ukuya ku-1124