Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuSebenzisa

I-Laser ibhekisa kwinkqubo kunye nesixhobo sokuvelisa i-velimed, i-monochromatic, i-monochromatic, i-cohentromatic, i-corening thessight ye-radiation ameration amphaition kunye nengxelo eyimfuneko. Ngokusisiseko, isizukulwana se-laser sifuna izinto ezintathu: "dosator," ophakathi, "kunye" nomthombo wokupeyinta. "

A. Umgaqo

Imeko eshukumayo yeatom inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla, kwaye xa i-atom isuka kwinqanaba lamandla aphezulu ukuya kwinqanaba lamandla aphantsi, likhupha iifoto zemitha ehambelana noko (ebizwa ngokuba yimitha). Ngokufanayo, xa i-photon isiganeko senqanaba lenqanaba lamandla kwaye ingene kuyo, iya kubangela i-Atom kwinqanaba eliphantsi lamandla (obizwa ngokuba yi-ator sursurment); Emva koko, ezinye zeatom eziguquguqukayo kumanqanaba aphezulu amandla ziya kuguqula kumanqanaba amancinci amandla kunye ne-Emit iifoto (ezibizwa ngokuba yimitha). Le ntshukumo ayiyeki ukuba yedwa, kodwa ihlala ihambelana. Xa siqula imeko, njengokusebenzisa i-Premium ePhakamileyo, i-Stosonator, i-radiation eyaneleyo yokwanda ukuze ikhutshwe, emva koko iya kubakho iifoto ekhutshiwe, zikhokelela eLaser Light.

B. ukwahlulahlula

Ngokutsho kwendawo evelisa i-laser, i-laser inokwahlulwa ibe yi-Laser engamalayisi, i-laser yerhasi kunye ne-laser eqinileyo. Ngoku eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ye-semiconductor laser luhlobo lwe-Laser ye-State State.

C. ukwakhiwa

Uninzi lwazo ludityaniswa ngamacandelo amathathu: Inkqubo yokunxibelelana, izinto ze-laser kunye nendawo yokuphumla. Iinkqubo zochulumanco zizixhobo ezivelisa ukukhanya, amandla ombane okanye amachiza. Okwangoku, iindlela eziphambili zenkuthazo esetyenzisiweyo kukukhanya, umbane okanye impendulo yemichiza. Izinto ze-laser zizinto ezinokuthi zivelise ukukhanya kwe-laser, ezinjengeerubhi, irhasi yeBeryllium, i-neon yerhasi, i-semicondlandi, i-semicondyus, i-semicondsuc, i-semicond yakho, i-ormic, njl.

D. Isicelo

I-Laser isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ubukhulu becala unxibelelwano lwefayibha, i-Laser yaqala, ukusika i-laser, izixhobo zase-laser, i-lar disc njalo njalo.

E. Imbali

Ngo-1958, izazinzulu zaseMelika Xiaolini kunye ne-thewnes zafumanisa into yomlingo: Xa bakhanyisa i-bulb yekhanya yangaphakathi, iimolekyuli zekristale ziya kukhupha ukukhanya, zihlala zikhanyisela ukukhanya. Ngokweli phengnomenon, bacebisa ukuba "UmGaqo we-laser", oko kukuthi, xa into enemincili ngamandla afanayo kunye ne-orlution yendalo yendalo, iya kuvelisa obu bukhali obuqinileyo. Bafumene amaphepha amahle oku.

Emva kopapasho lwe-Sciolo kunye neziphumo zophando ze-thynes, izazinzulu ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ziceba iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanywa, kodwa aziphumelelanga. Ngomhla we-15 kaMeyi, ngo-1960, uMayman, isayensi kwi-Hughes Laboratoria eCalifornia, wabhengeza ukuba wayefumene i-microns ye-0.6943 i-microns ye-0.6943 yafunyanwa ngabantu bokuqala emhlabeni ukuze bangenise ii-lars.

Nge-7 kaJulayi ngo-1960, uMayman wabhengeza ukuzalwa kwe-laser yeHlabathi yeHlabathi, iNkqubo kaMeyman kukusebenzisa ikholamu ye-flash ephezulu yokukhuthaza i-chromium kwi-chromium kwi-chromium kwi-chromium, xa ifikelela kwinqaku elithile, inokufikelela kwiqondo elingaphezulu kwelanga.

I-Soviet Sociest H.γ Basov yala i-Semiconductor Lamer ngo-1960. Ulwakhiwo lwe-Semiconductor Leser idla ngokudityaniswa kwe-PLARE Iimpawu zayo zezi: Ubuncinci obukhulu, ukusebenza kakuhle, isantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, isantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, isantya esibonakalayo kunye nobungakanani befibres ye-fiber, inokukhuthazeka ngqo, ukuhambelana ngokuchanekileyo.

Isithandathu, ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zeLaser

F. Unxibelelwano lwe-laser

Sebenzisa ukukhanya ukudlulisela ulwazi kuxhaphake kakhulu namhlanje. Umzekelo, iinqanawa zisebenzisa izibane zokunxibelelana, kwaye izibane zendlela zisebenzisa ibomvu, ityheli, kwaye iluhlaza. Kodwa zonke ezi ndlela zokudlulisela ulwazi kusetyenziswa ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo kunokupheliswa kumgama omfutshane. Ukuba ufuna ukuhambisa ulwazi ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo ezikude ngokukhanya, awunakusebenzisa ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo, kodwa sebenzisa kuphela i-seers.

Ke uyinikela njani i-laser? Siyazi ukuba umbane ungathwalwa iingcingo zobhedu, kodwa ukukhanya akunakuthwalwa ngeengcingo zentsimbi eziqhelekileyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu ziye zaqulunqa isifilifi esinokutshintshela ukukhanya, esibizwa ngokuba yifayibha ye-optical, ekubhekiswa kuyo njengefibre. I-fiber offical yenziwa ngezinto ezizodwa zeglasi, ububanzi buncinci kuneenwele zomntu, zihlala zingama-50 ukuya kwi-15 ukuya kwi-150 microns, kwaye ithambile kakhulu.

Ngapha koko, isiseko sangaphakathi sefibre yisalathiso esiphakamileyo seglasi yeglasi engafaniyo, kwaye ukungqubana kwangaphandle kwenziwa ngeglasi yesalathiso esezantsi okanye iplastiki. Isakhiwo esinjalo, kwisandla esinye, sinokwenza ukukhanya kuqhubeke ecaleni kwendawo yangaphakathi, njengokuba amanzi ahamba phambili kumbhobho wamanzi, ukudlulisela amawaka ecingo, nokuba amawaka amawaka eendlela zokuhamba kwaye ajike ajike. Kwelinye icala, isandi esihlaziyiweyo esisezantsi sinokuthintela ukukhanya ekuphumeni, kanye njengokuba umbhobho wamanzi ungayiboni kwaye i-inshurensi ye-inshurensi ye-wire ayiqhubeki umbane.

Ukubonakala kwefayibha yefayibha yefayili isombulula indlela yokudlulisela ukukhanya, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba kuyo, nakuphi na ukukhanya kungadluliselwa kude kakhulu. Kuphela kukukhanya okuphezulu, umbala ococekileyo, i-Laser entle, yeyona mthombo ulungileyo wokufumana ulwazi, igalelo ukusuka kwelinye icala lefibre, phantse kungabikho nto ilahlekileyo. Ke ngoko, unxibelelwano olululo lunxibelelwano olusisiseko lonxibelelwano, olunezinto eziluncedo kakhulu, ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ubumfihlo obuqinileyo, ukuqina, njl njl.