Uhlobo lwesixhobo sefowuni

Uhlobo lweisixhobo sefotoUlwakhiwo
Ifotosisixhobo esiguqula isignana sombane, isakhiwo saso kunye neentlobo, sinokwahlulwahlulwa ngokwamanqanaba alandelayo:
(1) Ifoto yefotokopile
Xa izixhobo zefotokopi ziveze ukukhanya, umphathi ophetheyo onesifo onyusa ukusebenza kwabo kwaye unciphisa ukumelana kwabo. Abaphathe bavuya kubushushu begumbi bahamba ngendlela ekhokelela phantsi kwesenzo secandelo lombane, ngaloo ndlela bevelisa okwangoku. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokukhanya, i-elektroni iyavuya kwaye iguqukile. Kwangelo xesha, bayahamba phantsi kwesenzo sommandla wombane ukwenza ifoto. Abaphathi bemifanekiso efudumeleyo banyusa ukuqhubela kwesixhobo kwaye ke banciphise ukumelana. Ifotokopi yefotokopile idla ngokubonisa inzuzo ephambili kunye nokuphendula okukhulu kwentsebenzo, kodwa abanakuphendula kwiimpawu eziphezulu zendlela, ke isantya sokuphendula siyacotha, sinciphise ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zefotokopi kwezinye iifoto.

(2)I-PN Deetodetecttote
Ifoto ye-PN yenziwa ngumfowunelwa phakathi kohlobo lwe-P-Cemicondufuctor ye-SEEMIONDUCTORK kunye nohlobo lwe-N-Cemionductor. Ngaphambi kokuba unxibelelwano lwenziwe, izinto ezimbini zikwimeko eyahlukileyo. Inqanaba le-fermi kwi-P-Chwether le-semicondcuctor lisondele kumda webhendi ye-valence, ngelixa i-fermi ikwinqanaba le-N-Chwethe kwi-N-Cemionductor isondele kumda wecandelo lokuqhuba. Kwangelo xesha, inqanaba le-FERMI lezinto ze-N Utshintsho lwendawo yokusebenza kunye nebhendi ye-valenc ihamba kunye nokugoba kwebhendi. I-PN Junction ikwi-liquilibrium kwaye inenqanaba le-fermi efanayo. Ukusuka kwinxalenye yohlalutyo oluphathayo, uninzi lwezinto ezihlawulelwayo kwii-P-Ceeds kwizinto ze-P yimingxunya yokuhlawula kwizixhobo ze-N Xa ezo zinto zimbini zinxibelelana, ngenxa yomahluko kwi-Carriers, ii-elektroni kwiindawo ze-N-Chwetheza izixhobo ziya kuhlukana nohlobo lwe-P-pire, ngelixa ii-elektroni ezikwindlela ye-N-yohlobo. Indawo engavunyelwanga eshiyekileyo ye-elektroni kunye nemingxunya yombane eyakhiwe, kunye nendawo yombane eyakhelweyo iya kuthintela ukuphathwa komhlaba, okuthetha ukuba iintlobo ezimbini zentshukumo zide zilungelelaniswe, ukuze I-Static Rirriers Road yi-zero. Ibhalansi yangaphakathi ye-adnamic.
Xa i-PN Junction ityhilwa kwimitha yokukhanya, amandla e-Photon idluliselwe kumphathi, kunye nomphathi ophetheyo, oko kukuthi, i-elektroni ye-elektroniki, ivelisiwe. Phantsi kwesenzo secandelo lombane, i-elektroni kunye nomngxunya odlayo kwingingqi kunye nengingqi ngokwahlukeneyo, kunye nokuhamba komgaqo wecandelo lemifanekiso efumileyo yefowuni ivelisa ifoto. Eli lilungiselelo elisisiseko le-PN Juncupetectotect.

(3)Iphini iPipteetector
I-PIN ye-PIN ye-PIPIODE luphawu lwezinto zeP Indlela yayo yokusebenza ifana ne-PN Junction, xa i-pin cunction iveze imitha yokukhanya, i-Photon idluliselwa kwi-elektroni yombane, kunye nendawo yombane yangaphakathi okanye i-Conlieds yahlula-hlula i-Stoecried Sheet kwisekethe yangaphandle. Indima edlalwa ngu-Latent ndizokwandisa ububanzi bomleko ophembelekileyo, kunye nongqameko endiza kuba ngumkhawulo we-gonsede, kwaye isantya semingxunya esivelileyo siyakhawuleza sikhawuleze ngakumbi kunelo yomgcini we-PN Junctions. Abaphethenga ngaphandle kwe-ITERIT baqokelelwa ngumlinganiso ophelelwayo ngentshukumo yomlinganiso, eyenza ukuba kubekho kwangoku. Ubungqingqwa bendawo yokulala ndicekeceke kakhulu, kwaye injongo yayo kukuphucula isantya sempendulo yomgcini.

(4)I-APD yefotoI-Avalanche Photediode
Indlela yeI-Avalanche Photediodeiyafana ne-PN Junction. I-APD Demitdetectecttote isebenzisa i-PN i-PN ejongene ne-PN, i-voltage esebenzayo esekwe kwi-APD inkulu, kwaye xa i-bias enkulu yongezwa, kwaye ukuphinda-phinda i-ivalancy kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-avalanches, kwaye ukwenziwa kwe-avalanches kuya kwandiswa kwifoto. Xa i-APD ikwimo ye-bias rese bias, intsimi yombane kwi-faziso ye-Spletion iya kuba yomelele kakhulu, kwaye i-carriers eneefoto eveliswe ngokukhanya ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihamba ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwesenzo secandelo lombane. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ii-elektroniki ziya kuqhuma kwi-lattle kule nkqubo, zibangela i-elektroni kwi-layice ukuba i-ioerd. Le nkqubo iphindwayo, kwaye i-ions e-ionsud kwi-labetrice ikwanokungqubana, kubangela inani leenqwelo zokuhlawulisa kwi-APD ukuba zinyuse, zikhokelela kudala. Yindlela ekhethekileyo yomzimba ngaphakathi kwe-APD ukuba i-APD yoochwephesha ngokubanzi ineempawu zesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ixabiso elikhulu langoku kunye nemvakalelo ephezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PN Junction kunye nePining Junction, i-APD inesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, esona sikhawulezayo sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweefowni zangoku.

(5) I-Schottky Juncupetectory
Isakhiwo esisisiseko se-Schottky junctionctectectokhuti yi-Schottky Diodede, impawu zayo zombane ziyafana nezo ze-PN Junctions ezichazwe apha ngasentla, kwaye inyanzelekile ukuba inciphe. Xa isinyithi somsebenzi ophezulu kunye ne-semicondcucy ngomsebenzi ophantsi umsebenzi ophantsi, i-Schottky Arriers isenziwa, kwaye i-cunction ye-Schottky yi-Schottky Junction. Eyona ndlela iphambili ifana ne-PN Junction, ithatha i-N-Ceecond Accourtors njengomzekelo, xa izixhobo ezimbini zonxibelelwano, ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-ENOMORON, ngenxa ye-ECEMONTS, ii-electrone kwi-semicondtuctor iya kuhlukumeza icala lesinyithi. I-elektroni ezingasetyenziswanga ngokuqhubekekayo kwindawo enye yentsimbi, oko ke kutshabalalisa ukungathathi cala kombane kwintsimbi, kwaye i-elektroli eyakhelwe ngaxeshanye, kwaye intshukumo ye-Drimeds iya kwenziwa ngaxeshanye, kwaye emva kwexesha lokufikelela kwi-a I-Schottky Junction. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokukhanya, ingingqi ye-boriers i-furbs ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ivelisa izibini zemingxunya ye-elektroni, ngelixa i-carrieds ejongene nefoto ngaphakathi kwe-PN I-PN I-PN I-PNG TIVIDS ukuya kwingingqi ye-Puncination ukuya kwingingqi ye-Puncuku. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-PN Junction, ifoto esekwe kwi-Schottky Junction inesantya sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isantya sempendulo sinokufikelela kwinqanaba le-NS.